Occupation and bladder cancer in a population-based case–control study in Northern New England

Colt, Joanne S.; Karagas, Margaret R.; Schwenn, Molly; Baris, Dalsu; Johnson, Alison; Stewart, Patricia A.; Verrill, Castine; Moore, Lee E.; Lubin, Jay H.; Ward, Mary H.; Samanic, Claudine; Rothman, Nathaniel; Cantor, Kenneth P.; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Schned, Alan R.; Cherala, Sai; Silverman, Debra T.

doi:10.1136/oem.2009.052571

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Bladder cancer risk was highest for plumbers working prior to 1960. 58 In our analysis, plumbing was not statistically significant (95% CI, 0.85-2.38). The concentration of heavy metals in solder has decreased since the 1960s.…”

Section: Workers Exposed To Heavy Metalscontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Contemporary Occupational Carcinogen Exposure and Bladder Cancer

et al. 2015

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IMPORTANCEBladder cancer (BC) is a common disease. Despite manufacturing and legislative changes to workplace hygiene, many BCs still arise through occupational carcinogen exposure.OBJECTIVE To profile contemporary risks of occupational BC.DATA SOURCES A systematic review using PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was performed in October 2012 (initial review) and May 2014 (final review) and was updated in June 2015.STUDY SELECTION We identified 263 eligible articles. We excluded reports in which BC or occupation were not the main focus, and those with insufficient case, risk, or confidence interval data. We selected the most recent data from populations with multiple reports.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Reports were selected by 2 of us independently. We combined odds ratios and risk ratios (RRs) to provide pooled RRs, using maximally adjusted RRs in a random effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I 2 and Begg and Egger tests. Risk estimates were annotated by occupational class using Nordisk Yrkesklassificering, or Nordic Occupational Classification, and International Standard Classifications of Occupations (NYK and ISCO-1958) Codes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESOccupations were profiled by BC incidence and mortality risk over time. After data collection, we detected a sex difference in these profiles and recorded this as a secondary outcome.RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed increased BC incidence in 42 of 61 occupational classes and increased BC-specific mortality in 16 of 40 occupational classes. Reduced incidence and mortality were seen in 6 of 61 and 2 of 40 classes, respectively. Risk varied with sex and was greatest in men (standardized incidence ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03]; P < .001]). From the 1960s to the 1980s, there was a steady decline in standarized incidence ratio (SIR) for both sexes. This trend reversed from the 1980s, as in the decade 2000 to 2010 the SIR increased to 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07-1.19) for men and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.12-1.43) for women. In contrast, mortality risk declined for both sexes from the 1960s to the 1990s. The overall risk of BC mortality was also greater for men (standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.18-1.48]) than for women (SMR, 1.14 [95% CI,). Limitations include possible publication bias, that reports stratify workers mostly by job title not task, that not all studies adjusted for smoking, and that the population was mostly derived from Western nations.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The profile of contemporary occupations with increased BC risk is broad and differs for incidence and mortality. Currently the incidence seems to be increasing, and this increase is occurring faster in women than men. Improved detection mechanisms and screening are possible reasons for this. Workers with aromatic amine exposure have the highest incidence, while those exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals have the greatest mortality.

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Section: Workers Exposed To Heavy Metalscontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…58 Solder and welding fumes contain lead oxide, heavy metals (eg, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel) and colophony (rosin-based flux containing acetone and carbon monoxide). Bladder cancer risk was highest for plumbers working prior to 1960.…”

Section: Workers Exposed To Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Occupational Carcinogen Exposure and Bladder Cancer

et al. 2015

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“…Findings of two cohort studies showed that the risk of BC increased in individuals exposed to 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, benzidine, and 4-aminobiphenyl over a period of 60 years (Case and Hosker, 1954;Melick et al, 1955). Findings from a case-control study by Samniac et al showed that the risk of BC in men employed in the printing industry as machine operators (case group) was significantly higher than that for the control group (Colt et al, 2010). Also, Case et al found that the BC risk in British staff exposed to 2-naphthylamine was 200 times higher than other staff (Case and Hosker, 1954).…”

Section: -1 Aromatic Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essentials of bladder cancer worldwide: incidence, mortality rate and risk factors

et al. 2017

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Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. An increase in the incidence and recurrence of BC has led to massive pressure on health care systems. Studies have shown that the geographical and ethical distributions of BC are variable in different parts of the world. However, most studies have focused more on clinical challenges and treatment strategies in BC management. Due to the limited number of studies conducted on the incidence rate, mortality and risk factors of BC worldwide, it is necessary to carry out studies in these areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the global incidence rate, mortality rate and risk factors for BC.

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“…This is attributable to both the latency periods that often exceed 20 years [1][2][3], and the significant range of chemical agents associated with increased risk of bladder cancer [3][4][5][6][7]. Recent evidence suggests that metal workers, car mechanics, plumbers [8], those exposed to intermediates in rubber and plastics manufacture [9], and those working in occupations allied to agriculture or medicine and health [10] could be at risk of developing UC. With respect to aromatic amines, risk is highest in those exposed at a younger age, those with over 10 years of exposure [11] and amongst certain categories of painters [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%