Occupation as a risk identifier for breast cancer.

Rubin, Carol; Burnett, Carol A.; Halperin, William; Seligman, Paul J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.83.9.1311

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, Ambrosone et al (14) have reported greatly elevated risk among women who were slow acetylators (deficient in NA T2) who also had a long history of heavy cigarette smoking. This is consistent with observations that persons who lack the capacity to acetylate aromatic amines are at greater risk for bladder cancer following exposure to aniline dyes (15 (17)(18)(19) and correlations with occupational exposures (20)(21)(22) …”

Section: Mechanistic Considerationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Breast cancer risk and environmental exposures.

Wolff

Weston

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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Although environmental contaminants have potential to affect breast cancer risk, explicit environmental links to this disease are limited. The most well-defined environmental risk factors are radiation exposure and alcohol ingestion. Diet is clearly related to the increased incidence of breast cancer in developed countries, but its precise role is not yet established. Recent studies have implicated exposure to organochlorines including DDT as a risk factor for breast cancer in the United States, Finland, Mexico, and Canada. Other investigations have discovered associations between breast cancer risk and exposures to chemical emissions and some occupational exposures. Several points must be considered in evaluating the relationship of environmental exposure to breast cancer. Among these considerations are the mechanism of tumorigenesis, timing of environmental exposure, and genetic modulation of exposure. Epidemiologic and ecologic investigations must take into account the very complex etiology of breast cancer and the knowledge that tumorigenesis can arise from different mechanisms. Thus crucial exposures as well as reproductive events related to breast cancer may occur years before a tumor is evident. Moreover, environmental contaminants may alter reproductive development, directly or indirectly, and thereby effect the course of tumorigenesis. Such alterations include change in gender, change in onset of puberty, and inhibition or promotion of tumor formation. Timing of exposure is therefore important with respect to mechanism and susceptibility. Finally, genetic polymorphisms exist in genes that govern capacity to metabolize environmental contaminants. Higher risk may occur among persons whose enzymes either are more active in the production of procarcinogens or fail to detoxify carcinogenic intermediates formed from chemicals in the environment.

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Section: Mechanistic Considerationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Breast cancer risk and environmental exposures.

Wolff

Weston

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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“…occupational status, was related to high risks of breast cancer [17][18][19][20][21] . One of the most consistent results of previous studies was that increased risk of breast cancer was found among women with professional and managerial occupations [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Increased risk of breast cancer has also been found for specific job titles in this category, particularly nurses and teachers [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

A Proportionate Cancer Morbidity Ratio Study of Workers Exposed to Chlorinated Organic Solvents in Taiwan

et al. 2003

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We initiated an investigation to examine the possible association between the cancer risk and the chlorinated organic solvents exposure in an electronic factory. To obtain information on the incidence of the various types of cancer among the exposed and comparison groups, the cohort populations were merged with the National Mortality Database, the National Cancer Registry Database, and the National Insurance Hospitalization Database from the Department of Health (DOH), as well as the Labor Insurance Hospitalization Database from the Bureau of Labor Insurance (BLI). The proportionate cancer morbidity ratio (PCMR) was used to estimate the cancer risk of the exposed workers in comparison with either textile workers or electronics workers. After adjustment for age, only the PCMR for breast cancer in the exposed female employees was significantly elevated when compared with the two comparison groups. The increased risk of breast cancer was mainly found in the category of 1989-1997 for year of diagnosis when stratified by calendar year. However, there was no dose-response relationship between female breast cancer risk and duration of employment. Although some PCMRs for the cancers were also increased in the exposed group, female breast cancer was consistently increased when compared with both textile and electronics comparison groups using different exclusion criteria. The results obtained in the present study suggest a possible association between exposure to chlorinated organic solvents and female breast cancer. Since this association has never been reported in the previous studies, further study is needed to clarify the association.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The positions most frequently reported are teachers 6,7,9,12,13 administrative workers,4'6"12 religious workers,4'6'9 and health care workerS.67 '9"10"4 Record linkage between the Swedish cancer registry and a population registry comprising all individuals included in the 1970 census (with information on occupation and residence in 1970, occupation in 1960, and date ofdeath) rendered it possible to construct a retrospective cohort that was followed up over a 19-year period. The goal of the present study was to estimate the occupation-specific risk of breast cancer among the female members of this cohort.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk occupations for breast cancer in the Swedish female working population.

Pollán¹,

Gustavsson²

1999

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate, for the period 1971 through 1989, occupation-specific risks of breast cancer among Swedish women employed in 1970. METHODS: Age-period standardized incidence ratios were computed. Log-linear Poisson models were fitted, with geographical area and town size taken into account. Risks were further adjusted for major occupational group, used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. Risk estimators were also calculated for women reporting the same occupation in 1960 and 1970. RESULTS: Most elevated risks among professionals, managers, and clerks were reduced when intragroup comparisons were carried out, indicating the confounding effect of socioeconomic status. Excess risks were found for pharmacists, teachers of theoretical subjects, schoolmasters, systems analysts and programmers, telephone operators, telegraph and radio operators, metal platers and coaters, and hairdressers and beauticians, as well as for women working in 1960 and 1970 as physicians, religious workers, social workers, bank tellers, cost accountants, and telephonists. CONCLUSIONS: While the high risks observed among professional, administrative, and clerical workers might be related to lower birth rates and increased case detection, excess risks found for telephone workers and for hairdressers and beauticians deserve further attention.

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Occupation as a risk identifier for breast cancer.

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Breast cancer risk and environmental exposures.

Breast cancer risk and environmental exposures.

A Proportionate Cancer Morbidity Ratio Study of Workers Exposed to Chlorinated Organic Solvents in Taiwan

High-risk occupations for breast cancer in the Swedish female working population.

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