Occupational blood and body fluid exposure of university health care workers

Davanzo, Elisabetta; Frasson, Clara; Morandin, Marta; Trevisan, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2008.04.254

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Only 16 source patients were found to be HIV negative. This number is lower than in other studies, 18,19,21 which is not surprising given the high HIV prevalence among inpatients in QECH. Another explanation may be that an increasing percentage of inpatients has a known HIV status, and HCWs may decide not to report occupational injuries sustained from known HIV negative source patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV transmission after occupational injuries in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, 2003 – 2008

Maaten¹,

Nyirenda²,

Beadsworth³

et al. 2010

Mal. Med. J

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Health care worker (HCW) in Malawi may acquire HIV infection through occupational injuries, in particular since HIV prevalence among inpatients and incidence of occupational injuries are high. A post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) programme for occupational injuries at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) commenced in 2003. We performed an audit of this programme from 2003 through 2008. 203 Occupational injuries were reported. The majority were needle stick injuries (76.3%). Half of the clients were in a training position. A dual ART regimen was most frequently prescribed. Triple therapy use increased over time and was more frequent in expatriate students. Many nurses and clinical officers were not fully vaccinated for HBV. Based on previous incidence data, occupational injuries were likely to be underreported. Data on side effects were incomplete, however PEP discontinuation due to side effects occurred only twice. Follow up visits were poorly attended, therefore the efficacy of PEP could not be evaluated. Prevention efforts for occupational injuries should be increased and specifically target HCWs in training positions.Measures to improve quality of the PEP programme include effective publicity campaigns, compulsory Hepatitis B vaccination and active tracing of HCWs who default follow up after PEP.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV transmission after occupational injuries in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, 2003 – 2008

Maaten¹,

Nyirenda²,

Beadsworth³

et al. 2010

Mal. Med. J

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“…1,2 Blood-born viruses (BBVs) in particular hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV can be transmitted occupationally from infected staff to patients, from infected patients to staff, or from patient to patient via contaminated instruments. The most common route of transmission is from patients with a BBV to a member of staff following a needle sticks and sharp injuries (NSIs) or splash exposure of the mucous membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of needle sticks and other sharp injuries among dental undergraduate students

Jaber

2011

Int. j. infect. control

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Health-care workers (HCWs) including dental students are at occupational risk of exposure to blood-borne viruses (BBV) following needle sticks and sharp injuries (NSIs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of NSIs among dental students and evaluate the circumstances in acquiring such injuries. A survey was carried out of all clinical dental students in the College of Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirate (UAE) by means of an anonymous self-administered questionnaire that asked questions on demography, number, type, level of knowledge of inoculation injuries and associated risks of exposure to BBV, management and reporting of such exposures. Of 230 dental students that responded to the questionnaire (response rate of 92 percent), 64 (27.9%) were males and 166 (72.1%) were females, 132 (57.3%) were 4 th year students and 98 (42.7%) from 5 th year students. Of the total sample, 53 students reported having had an inoculation injury, resulting in a 0.23 sharp injury events per student per year. Recapping a needle, administering local anesthesia and performing scaling and polishing procedures were the most important causes of NSIs among dental students (60.3%, 32/53). Despite a comprehensive educational programme and training for dental students, knowledge of inoculation injuries and associated issues remained inadequate. The findings of this study confirm that dental students experience NSIs but are not likely to report them, thus it is important that the principles of infection control training and reporting of all NSIs continue to be emphasized throughout undergraduate dental education.

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“…Anti-pseudomonal carbapenems have been utilized against this resistant species, however, one-half to two-third of the isolates have been reported as resistant to this group as well (Tsakris et al, 2006). Viral infections can be transmitted through different routes in the healthcare settings; airborne viruses such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, measles, rubella virus, mumps virus and parvovirus B19 can spread through droplets or indirectly by settling on surfaces; faecal-oral route such as norovirus, rotavirus and human adenovirus 40 and 41 (Lopman et al, 2004); and blood-borne like hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus (Davanzo et al, 2008).…”

Section: Organism-related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%