Occupational burnout syndrome and post-traumatic stress among healthcare professionals during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

Raudenská, Jaroslava; Šteinerová, Veronika; Javůrková, Alena; Urits, Ivan; Kaye, Alan D.; Viswanath, Omar; Varrassi, Giustino

doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2020.07.008

Cited by 332 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Despite this, levels of depersonalization amount to 82.5%, very high levels that show that stress may be affecting the proper performance of their daily work, especially at critical times such as a pandemic, as noted by other studies [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], and which also extends to other professions who have played a crucial role as well as healthcare providers [ 56 , 57 ] showing that these so-called “essential” professions have suffered a great impact on their professional and personal well-being due to the existence of COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain

Lázaro-Pérez

Martínez-López

Galán

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which produces COVID-19 disease, has revealed to political and social circles a series of needs that have not yet been met. The workers of the State Security Forces and the Armed Forces have done an extraordinary job to try to alleviate the effects that the pandemic has had on the population and to return stability to the citizenry as much as possible. In this context, the following investigation is developed based on two objectives: (PO1) to know the level of anxiety in the face of death in these professionals; (PO2) to determine the predictive variables in the above-mentioned phenomenon. Professionals from all over Spain have participated in the study (n = 2079). From a quantitative perspective, a questionnaire was developed from the Collet–Lester death anxiety scale. The results show a total level of 69.2% in the scale, as well as some higher levels about the fear of death of others (82.1%) and the fear of the process of dying of others (78.2%). On the other hand, from the binary logistic regressions, four variables are evidenced that condition the risk of suffering death anxiety: (a) certainty of needing psychological treatment in the future; (b) absence of Individual Protection Equipment (PPE); (c) high levels of Emotional Exhaustion; (d) high levels of depersonalization—these last two come from the Maslach and Jackson Burnout scale. These data show a need for training and intervention in the emotional and psychological demands of the professionals of the Armed Forces and State Security Forces, as well as the obligation to develop a continuous dialogue with the institutions they represent to foster the feeling of belonging to them. It is essential, regardless of the serious consequences that the virus has caused, to understand the psychosocial and emotional demands of enforcement agents and to improve their occupational health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain

Lázaro-Pérez

Martínez-López

Galán

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Another meta-analysis 47 included data from 49 countries and found that the overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among nurses is 11.23%. Nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic have higher level of emotional exhaustion, but lower level of depersonalization and higher level of personal accomplishment than mental health nurses, 48 nurses in primary health care services, 49 nurses in gynecology and obstetrics services, 50 paediatric nurses, 51 and emergency nurses 52 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . The situation is even worse for nurses since it is well known that they struggle with burnout symptoms and other psychological issues more often than other HCWs resulting in negative consequences for themselves, their patients, their family members, their colleagues, and the health care organizations 12,46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical and mental health of the HCWs is greatly challenged since they work under unprecedented pressure and they are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of the disease. Several systematic reviews [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] highlights the tremendous impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychological and mental health of HCWs representing a high risk group for develop a wide range of problems. In particular, the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, sleep disturbances, burnout, fear, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress is increased among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Galanis

Vraka

Fragkou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, physical and mental health of the nurses is greatly challenged since they work under unprecedented pressure and they are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of the disease.AimTo examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses’ burnout and to identify associated risk factors.MethodsWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for this systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and pre-print services (medRχiv and PsyArXiv) were searched from January 1, 2020 to November 15, 2020 and we removed duplicates. We applied a random effect model to estimate pooled effects since the heterogeneity between results was very high.FindingsFourteen studies, including 17,390 nurses met the inclusion criteria. Five standardized and valid questionnaires were used to measure burnout among nurses; Maslach Burnout Inventory, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5, Mini-Z, and Spanish Burnout Inventory. The overall prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 34.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.5-46.6%), of depersonalization was 12.6% (95% CI: 6.9-19.7%), and of lack of personal accomplishment was 15.2% (95% CI: 1.4-39.8%). The following factors were associated with increased nurses’ burnout: younger age, higher educational level, higher degree, decreased social support, having a relative/friend diagnosed with COVID-19, low family and colleagues readiness to cope with COVID-19 outbreak, increased perceived threat of Covid-19, longer working time in quarantine areas, working in a high-risk environment (a COVID-19 designated hospital, a COVID-19 unit, etc.), working in hospitals with inadequate and insufficient material and human resources, decreased working safety while caring for COVID-19 patients, increased workload, decreased self-confidence in self-protection, and lower levels of specialized training regarding COVID-19, job experience, and self-confidence in caring for COVID-19.ConclusionNurses experience high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, while several sociodemographic, social and occupational factors affect this burnout. Several interventions need to be implemented to mitigate mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses, e.g. screening for mental health illness and early supportive interventions for high-risk nurses, immediate access to mental health care services, social support to reduce feelings of isolation, sufficient personal protective equipment for all nurses to provide security etc. Governments, health care organizations and policy makers should act in this direction to prepare health care systems, individuals and nurses for a better response against the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…These staff were primarily interested in receiving uninterrupted rest with requests for enough protective supplies. However, over time, the training on skills to deal with patients' anxiety, panic, and other emotional problems was highly appreciated by the healthcare workers [ 32 ].…”

Section: High Stress Levels and Moral Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare at the time of COVID-19: A review of the current situation with emphasis on anesthesia providers

Rekatsina

Paladini

Μoka

et al. 2020

Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, healthcare workers, health systems, as well as economies. While, healthcare systems are globally operating at maximum capacity, healthcare workers and especially anesthesia providers are facing extreme pressures, something that is also leading to declining availability and increasing stress. In this regard, it is extremely concerning the fact that some regions worldwide have reported up to 20% of their cases to be healthcare workers. When considering that the global case fatality rate may be as much as 5.4%, these numbers are concerning and unacceptable. As this pandemic accelerates, access to personal protective equipment for health workers is a key concern since at present, healthcare workers are every country's most valuable resource in the fight against COVID-19. Governments and heath organizations should take care of their staff and support them in any way possible. This review aims to describe the current situation anesthesia providers are facing in the setting of COVID-19 and provide solutions and evidence on important concerns, including which guidance to follow, the level of equipment that is adequate, and the level of protection they need for every patient being administered an anesthetic.

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Occupational burnout syndrome and post-traumatic stress among healthcare professionals during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

Cited by 332 publications

References 48 publications

COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain

COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain

Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Healthcare at the time of COVID-19: A review of the current situation with emphasis on anesthesia providers

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