Occupational contact allergy to the epoxy resin hardener 2‐methylpentane‐1,5‐diamine

Abstract

Epoxy resin systems are mainly composed of resins, reactive diluents, and hardeners. Sensitization may occur to all of these components, with m-xylene diamine (MXDA) being the most frequent allergen among the hardeners (1, 2). We recently observed a case of contact allergy to the hardener 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine (MPMD;A 63-year-old painter and varnisher presented with a 4-year history of work-related contact dermatitis affecting the dorsal surfaces of his hands, forearms, and face. He reported itching, burning and oozing when he occupationally handled epoxy resin systems.Patch testing was performed by the use of small Finn Chambers ® on Scanpor ® tape (SmartPractice Europe, Reinbek, Germany) with the baseline, rubber, resins/adhesives, ointment base, preservative and industrial biocides series, as recommended by the guideline of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (3), and with ingredients of the patient's working material: epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (0.25% pet.), 4-tert-butylphenol (1% pet.), polyoxypropylene diamine (1% pet.), 1-methoxy-2-propanole (5% pet.), and MPMD (0.25% pet.). The exposure time was 2 days. Non-negative test reactions are shown in Table 1. DiscussionMPMD (syn. 2-methyl pentamethylene diamine) is an aliphatic amine hardener used in epoxy resin systems

Occupational contact dermatitis caused by hydrogenated formaldehyde–benzenamine polymer (FBAP) in epoxy hardeners

“…A patch test substance for FBAP is not commercially available, and exposure to this new allergen might be difficult to identify from the SDS unless CAS numbers are available. We recently described occupational contact allergy to another reactive amine in hardeners used for epoxy resins systems, namely derivatives of 1,3‐benzenedimethanamine, N‐(2‐phenylethyl) derivatives (1,3‐BDMA) , and others have described another novel epoxy hardener contact allergen, 2‐methylpentane‐1,5‐diamine . Epoxy resin systems may contain allergens that have not been previously identified, and this should be kept in mind when occupational contact dermatitis is suspected.…”

Occupational contact dermatitis caused by 1,3‐benzenedimethanamine, N‐(2‐phenylethyl) derivatives in hardeners for epoxy paints and coatings

“…Instead, patch testing with the patient's own epoxy hardener product or a hardener ingredient that contains derivatives of 1,3‐BDMA is necessary to diagnose this allergy. Another novel contact allergen in epoxy hardeners, 2‐methylpentane‐1,5‐diamine, was recently described . It is therefore important to bear in mind that previously unrecognized or novel contact allergens might be present in epoxy resin systems.…”

Contact Allergy: A Review of Current Problems from a Clinical Perspective

“…As up to 60% of the patients sensitized to hardeners and 15–20% of those sensitized to reactive diluents do not react to epoxy resin, a complete epoxy resin series must be patch tested from the start [ 126 ]. New ESR components are evolving and need to be patch tested individually, where indicated, such as in a case of ACD to 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine [ 127 ], or occupational ACD in a spray painter caused by hydrogenated formaldehyde–benzenamine polymer (FBAP) in epoxy hardeners [ 128 ]. A new application for ESR resulting in occupational ACD has been illustrated by 2 Belgian workers in the 3-dimensional printing industry [ 129 ].…”