Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: Part 2, exploration of exposure processes and methods of assessment

Brouwer, D.H.; Spaan, Suzanne; Roff, Martin; Sleeuwenhoek, Anne; Tuinman, Ilse; Goede, Henk; Duuren-Stuurman, B. van; Filon, Francesca Larese; Bello, Dhimiter; Cherrie, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.003

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…After 60 days of dermal exposure, nTiO2 reaches different tissues and pathological lesions can be observed. Other studies indicated the penetration of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) through intact or damaged human skin [9]- [12]. Based on these findings, workers must be sure to wear highly effective chemical protective clothing (CPC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Size and Morphology of TiO2 and SiO2 Airborne Nanoparticles on their Filtration through Chemical Protective Clothing

Vinches¹,

Hallé²

2018

IJTAN

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Titanium dioxide (nTiO2) and silicon dioxide (nSiO2) nanoparticles are employed in numerous products that are used daily and also in building materials such as concrete, plaster or paints. Whether during manufacturing or released by sanding or polishing, nTiO2 and nSiO2 can become airborne, exposing workers to possible health risks. Although the penetration of airborne nanoparticles through the filtering media used in respiratory protective equipment has been studied for several years with different types of airborne nanoparticles, the study of the efficiency of chemical protective clothing (CPC) materials is much more recent. Furthermore, these studies were generally conducted with polydisperse sodium chloride airborne nanoparticles, which are particles that are seldom used in the workplace. The present work focuses on the effect of the size and shape of nTiO2 and nSiO2 airborne nanoparticles on their penetration level through a sample of filtering material directly taken from a model of nonwoven CPC. The clogging effect was also evaluated and its impact on the pressure drop was determined. Results indicate that contrary to the particle size, the shape could have a significant effect on the level of penetration. Moreover, clogging due to the deposit of nanoparticles on the filtering fibers could be seen, in some cases, in terms of penetration, but did not have a significant effect on the pressure drop.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Size and Morphology of TiO2 and SiO2 Airborne Nanoparticles on their Filtration through Chemical Protective Clothing

Vinches¹,

Hallé²

2018

IJTAN

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“…The skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for up to 10% of body mass, as well as being a highly effective interface between an organism and the external environment, including nanoparticles (Gujjar and Banga, 2014;Labouta and Schneider, 2013;Ostrowski et al, 2014;Patzelt and Lademann, 2013). Penetration is thought to be affected by various fac-tors, especially by dermal structure and integrity (Brouwer et al, 2016;Crosera et al, 2009). In particular, skin diseases involving barrier alternations, which are common in humans, may alter the penetration of nanoparticles (Avalos et al, 2014;Brouwer et al, 2016;Larese Filon et al, 2015;Rigo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Penetration is thought to be affected by various fac-tors, especially by dermal structure and integrity (Brouwer et al, 2016;Crosera et al, 2009). In particular, skin diseases involving barrier alternations, which are common in humans, may alter the penetration of nanoparticles (Avalos et al, 2014;Brouwer et al, 2016;Larese Filon et al, 2015;Rigo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of skin to silver nanoparticles after epidermal skin barrier disruption in rats

Kuwagata

Kumagai

Saito

et al. 2017

Fundam. Toxicol. Sci.

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-To analyze the permeability of rat skin to silver nanoparticles, the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed to 5 nm Ag nanoparticles or silver nitrate (Ag + ions) percutaneously for 24 hr after disruption of the epidermal barrier by tape stripping (TS) or acetone wiping (AC). Systemic toxicity was examined hematologically and histopathologically, and by assessing blood biochemistry. Although parakeratosis, decrease in keratohyaline granule, and thickening in the epidermis occurred following exposure to both 5 nm Ag nanoparticles and Ag + ions after TS or AC, no Ag-specific changes were observed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed silver in the skin of rats exposed to both 5 nm Ag nanoparticles and Ag + ions after TS or AC. Silver was only detected in the liver of rats exposed to Ag + ions after TS, but not exposed to 5 nm Ag nanoparticles after TS or AC. No abnormal histopathological changes in the liver were observed in all rats. In the blood, silver was below detectable levels in all rats and had no adverse effects on hematology or blood biochemistry. These results indicate that silver ions released from 5 nm Ag nanoparticles can percutaneously infiltrate the body only when the skin barrier is disrupted, but does not induce any acute toxicity.

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“…(8) Although NPs may not penetrate to living skin tissue, few studies investigate the removal of NPs from the skin surface. (9)(10)(11) The adherence of spilled or deposited solid nanopowder onto uncovered skin is the likely exposure scenario for workers handling dry NPs. For example, the possibility of dermal exposure from handling NPs or touching contaminated surfaces are present in our laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of hand washing on the removal of iron oxide nanoparticles from human skin ex vivo

Lewinski

Berthet

Maurizi

et al. 2017

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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In this study, the effectiveness of washing with soap and water in removing nanoparticles from exposed skin was investigated. Dry, nanoscale hematite (α-FeO) or maghemite (γ-FeO) powder, with primary particle diameters between 20-30 nm, were applied to two samples each of fresh and frozen ex vivo human skin in two independent experiments. The permeation of nanoparticles through skin, and the removal of nanoparticles after washing with soap and water were investigated. Bare iron oxide nanoparticles remained primarily on the surface of the skin, without penetrating beyond the stratum corneum. Skin exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles for 1 and 20 hr resulted in removal of 85% and 90%, respectively, of the original dose after washing. In the event of dermal exposure to chemicals, removal is essential to avoid potential local irritation or permeation across skin. Although manufactured at an industrial scale and used extensively in laboratory experiments, limited data are available on the removal of engineered nanoparticles after skin contact. Our finding raises questions about the potential consequences of nanoparticles remaining on the skin and whether alternative washing methods should be proposed. Further studies on skin decontamination beyond use of soap and water are needed to improve the understanding of the potential health consequences of dermal exposure to nanoparticles.

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Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: Part 2, exploration of exposure processes and methods of assessment

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Size and Morphology of TiO2 and SiO2 Airborne Nanoparticles on their Filtration through Chemical Protective Clothing

Effects of Size and Morphology of TiO2 and SiO2 Airborne Nanoparticles on their Filtration through Chemical Protective Clothing

Permeability of skin to silver nanoparticles after epidermal skin barrier disruption in rats

Effectiveness of hand washing on the removal of iron oxide nanoparticles from human skin ex vivo

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