Occupational exercise and risk of cancer

Vena, John E.; Graham, Saxon; Zielezny, Maria; Brasure, John; Swanson, Mark K.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/45.1.318

Cited by 146 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In a follow-up study by Health Professionals, an inverse association with recreational physical activity was observed for metastatic prostate cancer only (Giovannucci et al, 1998). We observed a statistically significant inverse association between occupational activity and prostate cancer risk in agreement with the NHANES I study (Clarke and Whittemore, 2001), but not with the majority of other cohort studies investigating the role of occupational activity and not showing significant associations (Vena et al, 1987;Albanes et al, 1989;Severson et al, 1989;Thune and Lund, 1994;Steenland et al, 1995;Hartman et al, 1998;Lund Nilsen et al, 2000;Putnam et al, 2000). This may be explained by that our cohort study is the largest performed to date, thus it has enough power to show even weak associations to be statistically significant.…”

Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…These findings may indicate that physical activity in different periods in life, or the cumulative life-long occupational activity is of importance for prostate cancer risk. The lack of significant inverse association with prostate cancer mortality observed in our study does not exclude a possibility of a weak association reported previously from a large US cohort (Vena et al, 1987). Effect of potential confounding factors on our risk estimates might mask the true association of physical activity with prostate cancer mortality.…”

Section: Epidemiologycontrasting

confidence: 75%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated effects of occupational physical activity on relative risk for prostate cancer. From Swedish nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, we defined two cohorts of men whose occupational titles allowed classification of physical activity levels at work in 1960 (n=1 348 971) and in 1970 (n=1 377 629). A third cohort included only men whose jobs required a similar level of physical activity in both 1960 and 1970 (n=673 443). The incidence of prostate cancer between 1971 and 1989 was ascertained through record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. A total of 43 836, 28 702, and 19 670 prostate cancers, respectively, occurred in the three cohorts. In all three cohorts, the relative risk for prostate cancer increased with decreasing level of occupational physical activity (P50.001), using Poisson regression. Among men with the same physical activity levels in 1960 and 1970, the rate ratio was 1.11 for men with sedentary jobs as compared with those whose jobs had very high/high activity levels after adjustment for age at follow-up, calendar year of follow-up and place of residence (95% CI 1.05 -1.17; P for trend 50.001). There was no association between occupational activity and prostate cancer mortality. Since we had no data on other potential risk factors the observed associations for both incidence and mortality might have been confounded. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential role of physical activity for prostate cancer. Keywords: prostatic neoplasms; occupational physical activity; exercise; cohort studies; risk factors Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among Swedish men (31.5% of all cancer cases in men in 1999 and incidence rate 159 per 100 000) and the incidence rate has been steadily increasing since the 1960s (The Swedish Cancer Registry, 2001). The causes of prostate cancer are not clearly understood and genetic and environmental/life style factors seem to be important (Ross and Schottenfeld, 1996).Epidemiological studies of physical activity and prostate cancer risk have been inconclusive, but suggest a protective effect with higher levels of activity (Friedenreich and Thune, 2001). The theory is biologically plausible since physical activity may affect serum levels of testosterone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and regulate the immune system (Chan et al, 1998b;McTiernan et al, 1998;Friedenreich and Thune, 2001). Moreover, physical activity might alter prostate cancer risk indirectly, by influencing body weight . In a prospective study, both cardiorespiratory fitness and self-reported history of sports activities were inversely related to prostate cancer risk (Oliveria et al, 1996).We used the nationwide, Swedish Cancer-Environment Register 60/70, to assess risk for prostate cancer in relation to occupational physical activity. We focused on men employed in 1960, and in 1970, with special attention given to men with the same level of occupational physical activity at these two assessments 10 years apart. The large number of observed prostate cancer case...

show abstract

Section: Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Epidemiologycontrasting

confidence: 75%

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Epidemiological studies have found a positive association between colon cancer risk and various determinants of hyperinsulinemia=insulin resistance, particularly obesity and physical inactivity (Vena et al, 1987;Severson et al, 1989;Ballard-Barbash et al, 1990;Potter et al, 1993;Giovannucci et al, 1995;Schoen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Glycemic Index In Chronic Disease Ls Augustin Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the glycemic index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the glycemic index in the prevention and management of these disease states. Background: The glycemic index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety. Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the glycemic index may influence chronic disease.

show abstract

“…Over 20 published cohort studies have investigated the association between physical activity and risk of breast cancer, the majority of which showed clear evidence of a lower risk for breast cancer in women who were classified at the highest levels of physical activity [7,9,10,12,13,16,18,20,21,[23][24][25][26][27]. The reduction in risk ranged from 10%-70% for the most active women and, on average, was 30%-40% lower for women who exercised for 3-4 hours per week at moderate to vigorous levels.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Risk Factors in Breast Cancer: Can Risk Be Modified?

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimates that 25% of breast cancer cases worldwide are due to overweight/obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. The preponderance of epidemiologic studies indicates that women who engage in 3-4 hours per week of moderate to vigorous levels of exercise have a 30%-40% lower risk for breast cancer than sedentary women. Women who are overweight or obese have a 50%-250% greater risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. Alcohol use, even at moderate levels (two drinks per day) increases risk for both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. Certain dietary patterns, such as high fat, low vegetables/fruits, low fiber, and high simple carbohydrates, may increase risk, but definitive data are lacking. These lifestyle factors are likely associated with breast cancer etiology through hormonal mechanisms. The worldwide trends of increasing overweight and obesity and decreasing physical activity may lead to an increasing incidence of breast cancer unless other means of risk reduction counteract these effects. Thus, adoption of lifestyle changes by individuals and populations may have a large impact on the future incidence of this disease. The

show abstract

Occupational exercise and risk of cancer

Cited by 146 publications

References 10 publications

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

Behavioral Risk Factors in Breast Cancer: Can Risk Be Modified?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About