Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Lipsett, Michael; Campleman, Sharan L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.89.7.1009

Cited by 184 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Overall, occupational exposures to motor vehicle exhausts, including diesel engine fumes, have been related with increased lung cancer risk in bus and truck drivers and other traffic-exposed workers, 31,32 with 2 recent meta-analyses reporting pooled estimates around 1.5. 33,34 Our results suggest that XPD, a polymorphic gene involved in nucleotide excision DNA repair, 14 might play an important role in repairing bulky DNA adducts in human leukocytes, particularly those induced from traffic environmental carcinogens, in keeping with a previous study. 11 A similar, although not statistically significant, effect was possibly suggested also for XRCC1, in agreement with the studies by Lunn et al 12 and Duell et al 16 A still weaker effect was shown for XRCC3-241 polymorphism for which, however, evidence of its possible involvement in DNAadducts repair has been provided.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

DNA adduct levels and DNA repair polymorphisms in traffic-exposed workers and a general population sample

Palli

Russo²,

Masala³

et al. 2001

Int. J. Cancer

121

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Peripheral blood DNA adducts have been considered an acceptable surrogate for target tissues and possibly predictive of cancer risk. A group of 114 workers exposed to traffic pollution and a random sample of 100 residents were drawn from the EPIC cohort in Florence, a population recently shown to present increased DNA adduct levels (Palli et al., Int J Cancer 2000;87:444 -51). DNA bulky adducts and 3 DNA repair gene polymorphisms were analyzed in peripheral leukocytes donated at enrollment, by using 32 P-postlabeling and PCR methods, respectively. Adduct levels were significantly higher for traffic workers among never smokers (p ‫؍‬ 0.03) and light current smokers (p ‫؍‬ 0.003). In both groups, urban residents tended to show higher levels than those living in suburban areas, and a seasonal trend emerged with adduct levels being highest in summer and lowest in winter. Traffic workers with at least 1 variant allele for XPD-Lys751Gln polymorphism had significantly higher levels in comparison to workers with 2 common alleles (p ‫؍‬ 0.02). A multivariate analysis (after adjustment for age, season, area of residence, smoking, XPD-Lys751Gln genotype and antioxidant intake) showed a significant 2-fold association between occupational exposure and higher levels of adducts (odds ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.1-4.2), in agreement with recent pooled estimates of increased lung cancer risk for similar job titles. Our results suggest that traffic workers and the general population in Florence are exposed to high levels of genotoxic agents related to vehicle emissions. Photochemical pollution in warmer months might be responsible for the seasonal trend of genotoxic damage in this Mediterranean urbanized area.

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Section: Multivariate Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

DNA adduct levels and DNA repair polymorphisms in traffic-exposed workers and a general population sample

Palli

Russo²,

Masala³

et al. 2001

Int. J. Cancer

121

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“…Furthermore, numerous studies show a higher risk for lung cancer among populations occupationally exposed to diesel engine exhaust (28). It is difficult to disentangle the effect of single air pollutants in epidemiologic designs because they are part of complex mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution from Traffic and Risk for Lung Cancer in Three Danish Cohorts

Raaschou-Nielsen

Bak

Sørensen

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. The purpose was to investigate whether the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) at the residence, used as an indicator of air pollution from traffic, is associated with risk for lung cancer.Methods: We identified 679 lung cancer cases in the Danish Cancer Registry from the members of three prospective cohorts and selected a comparison group of 3,481 persons from the same cohorts in a case-cohort design. Residential addresses from January 1, 1971, were traced in the Central Population Registry. The NO x concentration at each address was calculated by dispersion models, and the time-weighted average concentration for all addresses was calculated for each person. We used Cox models to estimate incidence rate ratios after adjustment for smoking (status, duration, and intensity), educational level, body mass index, and alcohol consumption.Results: The incidence rate ratios for lung cancer were 1.30 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.07-1.57] and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.12-1.88) for NO x concentrations of 30 to 72 and >72 μg/m

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“…Numerous studies have found an association between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer. 75 On the basis of extensive toxicologic and epidemiologic evidence, national and international health authorities, including the EPA and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, have concluded that there is considerable evidence of an association between exposure to diesel exhaust and an increased risk of lung cancer. 76,77 Additionally, fine particles in diesel exhaust may enhance allergic and inflammatory responses to antigen challenge and may facilitate development of new allergies.…”

Section: Traffic-related Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children

Kim¹

2004

Pediatrics

270

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ABSTRACT. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution is now recognized as an important problem, both nationally and worldwide. Our scientific understanding of the spectrum of health effects of air pollution has increased, and numerous studies are finding important health effects from air pollution at levels once considered safe. Children and infants are among the most susceptible to many of the air pollutants. In addition to associations between air pollution and respiratory symptoms, asthma exacerbations, and asthma hospitalizations, recent studies have found links between air pollution and preterm birth, infant mortality, deficits in lung growth, and possibly, development of asthma. This policy statement summarizes the recent literature linking ambient air pollution to adverse health outcomes in children and includes a perspective on the current regulatory process. The statement provides advice to pediatricians on how to integrate issues regarding air quality and health into patient education and children's environmental health advocacy and concludes with recommendations to the government on promotion of effective air-pollution policies to ensure protection of children's health. Pediatrics 2004;114:1699-1707; air pollution, adverse effects, children, asthma, environmental health.ABBREVIATIONS. PM 2.5 , particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 m; PM 10 , particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 m; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; HAP, hazardous air pollutant; AQI, air quality index.

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Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Cited by 184 publications

References 59 publications

DNA adduct levels and DNA repair polymorphisms in traffic-exposed workers and a general population sample

DNA adduct levels and DNA repair polymorphisms in traffic-exposed workers and a general population sample

Air Pollution from Traffic and Risk for Lung Cancer in Three Danish Cohorts

Ambient Air Pollution: Health Hazards to Children

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