Occupational exposure to HIV among nurses at a major tertiary hospital: Reporting and utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis; A cross-sectional study in the Western Cape, South Africa

Kabotho, Katlego Tebogo; Chivese, Tawanda

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230075

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This might be because physicians go through a lengthy period of education and training, together with frequent and compulsory CME and workshops planned for physicians. The proportion of HCPs with low knowledge in the current study was 25.9%, which is higher than the results of the previous study conducted in South Africa [ 21 ]. Kabotho et al reported poor knowledge of PEP, revealing that 58% of respondents showed inappropriate knowledge of PEP and only 27% of HCPs were classified as having adequate knowledge [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…The proportion of HCPs with low knowledge in the current study was 25.9%, which is higher than the results of the previous study conducted in South Africa [ 21 ]. Kabotho et al reported poor knowledge of PEP, revealing that 58% of respondents showed inappropriate knowledge of PEP and only 27% of HCPs were classified as having adequate knowledge [ 21 ]. Based on our results, the majority of respondents (93.5%) agreed that PEP is essential and 92.9% believed that PEP is critical in preventing further infection.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…When asking the respondents about the time of starting PEP for HIV, 57% of the respondents specified that PEP must be taken in an hour; however, a considerable portion of the respondents replied that the best time to take PEP is within 72 h after exposure, which is in line with the outcomes of another study, in which 58.5% respondents correctly noted the suggested time to take PEP and 41.5% correctly replied about the duration of complete PEP [ 21 ]. A similar investigation showed that 87.5% of respondents expressed precisely when to start PEP, which is a higher rate than our reported response rate [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important public health concern that has become more prevalent in Pakistan in recent decades. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are frequently exposed to many HIV-infected patients; as a result, they are more vulnerable to HIV infection due to occupational exposure. Hence, the current study was executed to evaluate HCPs’ knowledge, attitude and practice in terms of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV. This cross-sectional study was carried out in several clinical and laboratory settings of Karachi and the HCPs involved in treating patients were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The Shapiro–Wilk test was performed to establish the normality of the variables. Pearson correlation was employed to identify the relationship between the independent variables considering p-values < 0.05 as statistically significant. A total of 578 filled forms were incorporated in the study with a response rate of 72.2%. Physicians and medical students (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.16–2.24; p = 0.001) belonging to private work settings (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.33–2.35; p < 0.003) indicated better knowledge. The majority, 407 (70.4%), of the respondents reported having been exposed to risky occupational circumstances during their professional life; however, 65.7% took PEP for HIV after exposure and only 56.8% completed the entire course. A statistically significant association was observed between experience (p = 0.004, CI = 0.14–0.72), job category (p = 0.0001, CI = 0.16–0.62) and frequency of exposure (p = 0.003, CI = 0.42–11.31) and reporting of occupational exposure. More than half (53.8%) of respondents stated that their institute has a policy for the management of HIV exposures; however, their response was significantly associated with their organization (p = 0.004). The current study shows adequate knowledge revealing a positive attitude among respondents; however, there was a gap between the knowledge and its practical application. Even though many of the HCPs had experienced risky HIV exposure, a lack of reporting was noted in the study.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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“…The 37 studies [22–59] included 6482 participants. All of the included studies were cross‐sectional studies and the sample size ranged from 66 [35] to 401 [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS post‐exposure prophylaxis knowledge and uptake among health professionals in Africa: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Healthcare workers in developing countries are at particularly increased risk of infections from blood‐borne pathogens because of the high prevalence of such pathogens in their communities as well as the lack of basic personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns and goggles. For those exposed healthcare workers, the immediate administration of antiretroviral drugs following exposure to potentially infected blood or other bodily fluids is essential in order to minimize the risk of acquiring HIV infection. This review is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of knowledge and uptake of post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Africa. Methods We accessed PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, African Journals Online (AJOL), Journal Storage (JSTOR) and EMBASE. The search for unpublished studies included Google and institutional repositories were also used. This meta‐analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta‐analysis was carried out with a random‐effects method using STATA v.14 software. Results Out of 654 692 studies retrieved, 37 studies from four African regions involving 6482 healthcare providers were included in this meta‐analysis. The overall estimated pooled uptake and knowledge of HIV/AIDS post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Africa using a random‐effects model were 40.09% (95% CI: 30.14–50.04) and 57.67% (95% CI: 44.32–71.01) respectively, whereas the highest uptake and knowledge were 45.48% (95% CI: 24.79–66.17) and 61.37% (95% CI: 46.39–76.36) in the southern and eastern regions, respectively. Conclusions The results of this meta‐analysis indicated that the knowledge and uptake of post‐exposure prophylaxis, one of the best approaches to tackling HIV/AIDS transmission, are significantly low. Therefore, healthcare organizations should work on strategies to increase knowledge and uptake of post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers. Registration Prospero (ID: CRD42021244003).

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“…Occupational exposure to HIV among other bloodborne pathogens poses a continuous risk to healthcare workers; hence, medical students’ knowledge regarding the value of PEP, and its practical implementation should be an area of special attention in medical education. This is mainly relevant in light of the frequency of needle-stick injuries in clinical practice [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan

Sallam

Alabbadi

Abdel-Razeq

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The stigmatizing attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can be a major barrier to effective patient care. As future physicians, medical students represent a core group that should be targeted with focused knowledge and adequate training to provide patient care without prejudice. The aim of the current study was to examine HIV/AIDS knowledge, and the stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA, among medical students in Jordan. The current study was based on a self-administered online questionnaire, which was distributed during March–May 2021, involving students at the six medical schools in Jordan, with items assessing demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and HIV/AIDS stigmatizing attitude, which was evaluated using the validated HIV-stigma scale. The total number of respondents was 1362, with predominance of females (n = 780, 57.3%). Lack of HIV/AIDS knowledge among the study participants was notable for the following items: HIV transmission through breastfeeding (40.8% correct responses), HIV is not transmitted through saliva (42.6% correct responses), and vertical transmission of HIV can be prevented (48.8% correct responses). Approximately two-thirds of the respondents displayed a positive attitude towards PLWHA. For six out of the 14 HIV/AIDS knowledge items, lack of knowledge was significantly correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. Multinomial regression analysis showed that a significantly more negative attitude towards PLWHA was found among the pre-clinical students compared to the clinical students (odds ratio (OR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.97, p = 0.036); and that affiliation to medical schools that were founded before 2000 was associated with a more positive attitude towards PLWHA compared to affiliation to recently founded medical schools in the country (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.42–2.42, p < 0.001). About one-third of medical students who participated in the study displayed a negative attitude towards PLWHA. Defects in HIV/AIDS knowledge were detected for aspects involving HIV transmission and prevention, and such defects were correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. It is recommended to revise the current medical training curricula, and to tailor improvements in the overall HIV/AIDS knowledge, which can be reflected in a more positive attitude towards PLWHA, particularly for the recently established medical schools in the country.

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Occupational exposure to HIV among nurses at a major tertiary hospital: Reporting and utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis; A cross-sectional study in the Western Cape, South Africa

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

HIV/AIDS post‐exposure prophylaxis knowledge and uptake among health professionals in Africa: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan

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