Occupational hazards, health costs, and pesticide handling practices among vegetable growers in Pakistan

Mehmood, Yasir; Arshad, Muhammad Umair; Mahmood, Nasir; Kächele, Harald; Kong, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111340

Cited by 37 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Similarly, 44% of the farmers in Papua New Guinea dispose of WPPC into fields and bushes, 12% bury them in the ground, 9% discard them into streams, 9% burn them in open fires, 6% reuse them for home purposes and the rest reuse them for other purposes. A total of 14% of the farmers in Costa Rica and 19% in Uganda simply discard pesticide residues into rivers and reuse the WPPC to wash clothes, carry vegetables and even store water [24]. East Africa Rift (EAR) zone countries, such as Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, carry obsolete pesticides to Europe for incineration [19].…”

Section: Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers' Management Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cement kilns could be an environmentally sound alternative to controlled incineration for obsolete pesticides in developing countries [28]. According to the WHO and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the most appropriate management method would be to return WPPC back to the manufacturer for destruction through hightemperature incineration [24]. In Ethiopia, 1000 tonnes of obsolete pesticides, including WPPC, have been transported over the period 2006-2007 to incineration facilities in England and Germany [29].…”

Section: Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers' Management Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Life Cycle Analysis to Optimally Manage Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers

2022

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Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers (WPPC) represent the end-of-life cycle of used agrochemicals. Optimal treatment of these containers is necessary to protect both human health and the environment. In Europe, WPPC are typically rinsed after use and landfilled along with commingled Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). There seems to be no Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in the international literature to compare the environmental impacts of the WPPC management methods. The goal of this work was to perform an LCA to quantify the environmental impacts of seven alternative scenarios to treat and dispose of Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers and rank them according to their environmental footprints. Thirty-one WPPCs were sampled, triple-rinsed and an analysis of their residual active pesticide was performed. Those residuals amounts were included in the LCA when assembling the WPPC unit. The scenario in which WPPC are separately collected and recycled resulted in the lowest net environmental impacts. Scenario 5 (50% recycling and 50% incineration) and scenario 6 (50% recycling and 50% landfilling) were the next environmentally optimal technologies, while the landfilling scenario resulted in the highest environmental impacts. A sensitivity analysis was performed, using different impact assessment methods, different transportation distances and different types of landfills and incinerators. The residual pesticide amount did not alter the ranking of the management scenarios. Triple rinsing was found to render all wasted containers as non-hazardous wastes.

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Section: Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers' Management Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers' Management Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

A Life Cycle Analysis to Optimally Manage Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers

2022

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“…Furthermore, approximately 5 billion Kilograms of pesticides are used annually worldwide, which can have serious effects on nontarget organisms, the food chain, biodiversity and especially human health (Fan et al, 2015). The use of pesticides is one of the common practices of controlling diseases and pests in agriculture, but is mostly at the expense of consumer health, the environment (Mehmood et al, 2021;Mengistie et al, 2017) and an immediate danger to the producer (Singh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderating role of locus of control over health belief model: a study of horticulturists’ protective behavior

Karami

Ahmadi

2022

Curr Psychol

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The widespread prevalence of using chemical substances such as fertilizers and pesticides in garden threatens the health of horticulturists. This study aimed to investigate the underlying elements of protective behavior of horticulturists from psychological aspects. The health Belief Model is the theoretical basis of this study and moderating the role of locus of control is explored over the model. The target population of study was horticulturists of Zanjan County, Iran. A questionnaire was distributed among a random sample of 293, who were selected using multi stage stratified sampling. The study results revealed that all elements of the proposed theory significantly influence the protective behavior. Furthermore, the study results confirmed the moderating effects of locus of control on the path relation between perceived profit and cues to action with protective behavior. The suggestions to improve protective behavior for individual with internal and external locus of control are presented. Highlights• The Health Belief Model as a model that explains why individuals do not participate in protecting their health used in this study to design educational interventions to prevent gardeners' health risks.• The study results revealed that all elements of proposed theory include: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action significantly influence the protective behavior.• The locus of control moderated the path relation between perceived profit and cues to action with protective behavior.• Perceived threat, which in this study was conceptualized as a person's mental belief about the chance of being susceptible to potential danger and the severity of the danger, showed a significant influence on the protective behavior of gardeners for both groups of individuals with high internal and external locus of control.

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“…The mean protection and health cost of pesticide exposure per farmer per vegetable season in 2019 was US$3.60 and still farmers are reluctant to use them. 17 Studies in Pakistan found strong association between pesticide exposure and lung dysfunction and other adverse health effects. [18][19][20] So far, studies have been conducted in Pakistan to see respiratory symptoms (and illnesses) due to pesticide use; however, none has addressed the magnitude of restrictive and obstructive lung impairment manifested in lung volume parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides Use and Impaired Lung Function Among Male Agricultural Farmers in Rural Sindh, Pakistan

Wadani

Azam

Irfan

et al. 2021

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Use of pesticides implicated in decrement in lung function, manifested as restrictive or obstructive dysfunction or both. Using comparative cross-sectional study design, authors conducted the study to determine an association of pesticide use with impairment in lung function (restrictive/obstructive pattern of lung function) among agricultural farmers. The data were collected using modified American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease (ATS-DLD-78A) questionnaire and spirometer measurements. Using multinomial logistic regression, the risk of both restrictive and obstructive lung dysfunction was found to be almost twice among pesticides users with each increasing year of exposure to pesticides (1.92 and 1.95, respectively) after adjusting for other covariates. There is a need for reliable monitoring and reporting procedures along with appropriate environmental policies and regulations for handling of pesticides. Interventional studies are needed where farmers could be trained on the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to limit the exposure to pesticides.

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Occupational hazards, health costs, and pesticide handling practices among vegetable growers in Pakistan

Cited by 37 publications

References 65 publications

A Life Cycle Analysis to Optimally Manage Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers

A Life Cycle Analysis to Optimally Manage Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers

Moderating role of locus of control over health belief model: a study of horticulturists’ protective behavior

Pesticides Use and Impaired Lung Function Among Male Agricultural Farmers in Rural Sindh, Pakistan

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