Occupational Histories of Cancer Patients in a Canadian Cancer Treatment Center and the Generated Hypothesis Regarding Breast Cancer and Farming

Brophy, James T.; Keith, Margaret M.; Gorey, Kevin M.; Laukkanen, Ethan; Hellyer, Deborah; Watterson, Andrew; Reinhartz, Abraham; Gilberston, Michael

doi:10.1179/107735202800338669

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Many of the women in this study had a background in farming or in the automotive plastics sector and this provided sufficient statistical power to show consistency with our prior studies [26,27]. Similarly, statistical power was sufficient to reliably identify elevated risks associated with food canning, bars-gambling and metalwork.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Breast cancer risk in relation to occupations with exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors: a Canadian case–control study

et al. 2012

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BackgroundEndocrine disrupting chemicals and carcinogens, some of which may not yet have been classified as such, are present in many occupational environments and could increase breast cancer risk. Prior research has identified associations with breast cancer and work in agricultural and industrial settings. The purpose of this study was to further characterize possible links between breast cancer risk and occupation, particularly in farming and manufacturing, as well as to examine the impacts of early agricultural exposures, and exposure effects that are specific to the endocrine receptor status of tumours.Methods1005 breast cancer cases referred by a regional cancer center and 1146 randomly-selected community controls provided detailed data including occupational and reproductive histories. All reported jobs were industry- and occupation-coded for the construction of cumulative exposure metrics representing likely exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors. In a frequency-matched case–control design, exposure effects were estimated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsAcross all sectors, women in jobs with potentially high exposures to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors had elevated breast cancer risk (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18-1.73, for 10 years exposure duration). Specific sectors with elevated risk included: agriculture (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.82); bars-gambling (OR = 2.28; 95% CI, 0.94-5.53); automotive plastics manufacturing (OR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.47-4.88), food canning (OR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.00-5.53), and metalworking (OR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.02-2.92). Estrogen receptor status of tumors with elevated risk differed by occupational grouping. Premenopausal breast cancer risk was highest for automotive plastics (OR = 4.76; 95% CI, 1.58-14.4) and food canning (OR = 5.70; 95% CI, 1.03-31.5).ConclusionsThese observations support hypotheses linking breast cancer risk and exposures likely to include carcinogens and endocrine disruptors, and demonstrate the value of detailed work histories in environmental and occupational epidemiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Two exploratory breast cancer case–control studies were undertaken by a multidisciplinary team of occupational and environmental researchers but had limited statistical power and exposure assessment. The first was a hypothesis-generating multi-cancer case control study [26]; the second study focussed exclusively on breast cancer [27]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer risk in relation to occupations with exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors: a Canadian case–control study

et al. 2012

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“…Our indings showed that women who worked in the ield at the time of applying pesticides or during 24 hours of their application had elevation in breast cancer risk which supported by Duell et al [35] and Ferro et al [36] who reported that there were an increased risk of breast cancer in women who likely exposed to pesticides in particular women present in ield during or shortly after pesticides application. Also Brophy et al [37], support our results through his indings that ind a 3-9 fold increase in incidence of breast cancer amongst women with history of agriculture. Findings also showed that living beside a rural area or in a farm lead to increase the risk of breast cancer which is also supported by Engle et al [38] who found an elevated risk of breast cancer among women who's their homes were closest to area of pesticides application.…”

Section: Breast Cancer By Pesticidessupporting

confidence: 86%

Environmental Risk factors associated with Breast Cancer in Gaza Strip

Ashour¹,

Safi²

2019

Arch Food Nutr Sci

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The study aimed to identify possible environmental risk factors for breast cancer among women in Gaza Strip and conducted in 2010. A case-control study design was used with face to face interviews by structured questionnaire with breast cancer patient women as well as healthy women. Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the collected data. The study population was 288 women, 144 were women with breast cancer (cases) and 144 were healthy women (controls) with response rate 100% for cases as well as controls. The study was carried out in the two main hospitals in Gaza Strip (El-Shifa and European Gaza) and on cases who had a regular follow up in each hospital, while controls have been chosen from women who had no history of breast cancer by mammogram or by self-examination. In this study the main statistically signifi cant risk factors were; marital status, educational status, physical trauma on breast, medication for infertility treatment, eating red meat 500g or more weekly, eating canned food, eating chicken skin, eating raw and cooked vegetables, using oils with saturated fats in cooking, living in or beside a farm, dealing with crops with naked hands, working in a farm during pesticides application or during 24 hours of pesticides application, cleaning pesticides' equipment, living with people working in a farm or a agricultural fi eld, and application of pesticides personally. In contrary, no statistically signifi cant differences were found between cases and controls in relation to area of residency, exposure to X-ray in the past, having radiation therapy, getting contraceptive pills, using hair dyes, using anti-deodorant underarm, using facial cosmetics, using hair removal ointment, washing vegetables and fruits, buying and transporting pesticides, and wearing protective tools during pesticides mixing and application.

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“…It found an elevated risk for breast cancer among women 55 years of age or younger who had ever worked in farming (OR = 9.05 [95% CI, 1.06-77.43]). 13 There were a number of important limitations to the study including: small sample size; the use of hospital-based controls; and the failure to adequately capture data regarding potential confounders beyond those of age, socioeconomic status, and body mass index. Moreover, detailed occupational descriptions were absent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation and Breast Cancer

Brophy

Keith

Gorey

et al. 2006

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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A local collaborative process was launched in Windsor, Ontario, Canada to explore the role of occupation as a risk factor for cancer. An initial hypothesis-generating study found an increased risk for breast cancer among women aged 55 years or younger who had ever worked in farming. On the basis of this result, a 2-year case-control study was undertaken to evaluate the lifetime occupational histories of women with breast cancer. The results indicate that women with breast cancer were nearly three times more likely to have worked in agriculture when compared to the controls (OR = 2.80 [95% CI, 1.6-4.8]). The risk for those who worked in agriculture and subsequently worked in automotive-related manufacturing was further elevated (OR = 4.0 [95% CI, 1.7-9.9]). The risk for those employed in agriculture and subsequently employed in health care was also elevated (OR = 2.3 [95% CI, 1.1-4.6]). Farming tended to be among the earlier jobs worked, often during adolescence. While this article has limitations including the small sample size and the lack of information regarding specific exposures, it does provide evidence of a possible association between farming and breast cancer. The findings indicate the need for further study to determine which aspects of farming may be of biological importance and

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Occupational Histories of Cancer Patients in a Canadian Cancer Treatment Center and the Generated Hypothesis Regarding Breast Cancer and Farming

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

Breast cancer risk in relation to occupations with exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors: a Canadian case–control study

Breast cancer risk in relation to occupations with exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors: a Canadian case–control study

Environmental Risk factors associated with Breast Cancer in Gaza Strip

Occupation and Breast Cancer

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