Occupational HIV risk for health care workers: risk factor and the risk of infection in the course of professional activities

Wyżgowski, Przemysław; Rosiek, Anna; Grzela, Tomasz; Leksowski, Krzysztof

doi:10.2147/tcrm.s104942

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…According to the UNAIDS 2019 report, the world is on course to stop the AIDS epidemic by 2030, but Pakistan is one of the nations where the ratio of new AIDS cases has increased dramatically [ 3 , 4 ]. Thus, studies elaborating on the knowledge, attitude and practices of HCPs—being at high-risk—towards HIV post-exposure measures are warranted [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, the respondents believed, regarding the nature of occupational expose to HIV-infected blood, that the highest possibility for the spread of infection is a percutaneous injury (43.1%), whereas 23.8% and 16.2% opined that skin contact with HIV-infected blood and a mucous membrane exposure, respectively, pose the greatest risk for infection transmission. One more study reported that the threat of transmission of HIV infection associated with percutaneous contact with infected blood is ~0.3% for every exposure [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important public health concern that has become more prevalent in Pakistan in recent decades. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are frequently exposed to many HIV-infected patients; as a result, they are more vulnerable to HIV infection due to occupational exposure. Hence, the current study was executed to evaluate HCPs’ knowledge, attitude and practice in terms of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV. This cross-sectional study was carried out in several clinical and laboratory settings of Karachi and the HCPs involved in treating patients were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The Shapiro–Wilk test was performed to establish the normality of the variables. Pearson correlation was employed to identify the relationship between the independent variables considering p-values < 0.05 as statistically significant. A total of 578 filled forms were incorporated in the study with a response rate of 72.2%. Physicians and medical students (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.16–2.24; p = 0.001) belonging to private work settings (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.33–2.35; p < 0.003) indicated better knowledge. The majority, 407 (70.4%), of the respondents reported having been exposed to risky occupational circumstances during their professional life; however, 65.7% took PEP for HIV after exposure and only 56.8% completed the entire course. A statistically significant association was observed between experience (p = 0.004, CI = 0.14–0.72), job category (p = 0.0001, CI = 0.16–0.62) and frequency of exposure (p = 0.003, CI = 0.42–11.31) and reporting of occupational exposure. More than half (53.8%) of respondents stated that their institute has a policy for the management of HIV exposures; however, their response was significantly associated with their organization (p = 0.004). The current study shows adequate knowledge revealing a positive attitude among respondents; however, there was a gap between the knowledge and its practical application. Even though many of the HCPs had experienced risky HIV exposure, a lack of reporting was noted in the study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2022

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“…Women who works in hazardous environment without protective equipment could contribute to the increment of HIV prevalence for the employed patients [ 25 ]. In addition other study stated that HIV infection is associated with some occupations like health care workers like surgeons, anesthetist, and physicians engaged in invasive procedures [ 26 ]. This could indicate that employed in unsafe work environment might be associated with HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immune deficiency virus among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2021

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Background The discrepancy in cervical cancer incidence between women with HIV and women without HIV is highest in low and middle-income countries. In Africa, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. As a result, HIV-infected women are 6 times more likely to develop cervical cancer than uninfected women. In addition, HIV is associated with several triggering factors for cervical cancer, including multiple sexual partners, early sexual debut, economic status and substance use. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of HIV among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 1057 cervical cancer patients registered from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 at Oncology Center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. A structured English version checklist was used to collect the data from patient charts. The pre coded data were entered in to EPI-data version 3.1 then exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable regression analysis were carried out. Variables with p value < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were consider as significant predictors of the outcome variable. Result The prevalence of HIV among cervical cancer patients was 18.35%. HIV among cervical cancer patients was significantly associated with age group 30–39 [AOR = 2.83; 95%CI (1.27, 6.22)] and 40–49 [AOR = 2.39; 95%CI (1.07, 5.32)], employed [AOR = 2.23; 95%CI (1.46, 3.41)] and substance users [AOR = 3.92; 95%CI (2.04, 6.28)]. Conclusion This study revealed that about 18% of cervical cancer patients were HIV seropositive. HIV seropositivity was significantly increased with 30–49 age group, employed and substance users. Authors recommended that it is better to screen all HIV seropositive patients for cervical cancer and give greater attention for women with cervical cancer in the age groups of 30–49 years, employed and substance users.

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“…In most situations, PEP will be immediately stopped after obtaining negative results, avoiding any potential side effects. PEP cannot prevent the infection, but it can limit virus replication by preventing viral DNA from being incorporated into host DNA [ 9 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of post exposure prophylaxis for fifth year dental students at a private Egyptian university: a cross-sectional study

2023

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Background Health care professionals including dental staff are at greater risk of occupational exposure to life threatened blood-borne pathogens. Occupational exposures will continue to occur despite improved techniques of prevention and using the post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in these situations are of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of post exposure prophylaxis for fifth year dental students at a private Egyptian university. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 dental students in the fifth year at a private Egyptian university from July 2019 to March 2020. Data were collected using self-administrated questionnaires including personal information, knowledge, attitude, and practice questions. Results Our study showed that the total mean knowledge score was (0.45 ± 0.50), for attitude (0.70 ± 0.46), and that for practice (0.45 ± 0.50). There was no gender difference regarding PEP (P > 0.05). A total of 213 (47.5%) dental students believed that PEP should be indicated for any needlestick injury in the workplace. A number of 379 of the students (94%) chose “Yes” when asked if they thought PEP is important. While, 143 students (32.5%) were unaware of the existence of PEP service and protocol when asked about the reasons for not taking PEP after occupational exposure. Conclusions Knowledge and practice of fifth year dental students at a private Egyptian university toward post exposure prophylaxis are not satisfactory. Awareness and curriculum modifications are important regarding PEP.

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Occupational HIV risk for health care workers: risk factor and the risk of infection in the course of professional activities

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

Healthcare Professionals’ Practice of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Clinical Settings in Karachi, Pakistan

Human immune deficiency virus among cervical cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of post exposure prophylaxis for fifth year dental students at a private Egyptian university: a cross-sectional study

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