Occupational infections in the Edinburgh abattoir.

Schonell, M. E.; Brotherston, J G.; Burnett, Robert; Campbell, Jennifer; Coghlan, Joyce D.; Moffat, Mandy; Norval, J.; Sutherland, J. A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5506.148

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The difference between the seroprevalence in slaughterhouse workers and the community suggests that workers are significantly more exposed to C. burnetii than the equivalent age-group in the male population. This is consistent with other studies that have demonstrated a higher seroprevalence in slaughterhouse workers than other occupation groups [ 12 , 32 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The apparent seroprevalence for antibodies to C. burnetii in slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya was 37.1% (95% CI 33.2–41.2%), the prevalence when adjusted for the estimated sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA was 31.8% (95% CI 27.2–36.4%) and for the study design was 38.9% (95% CI 34.8–42.9%). Previous reports have estimated seroprevalence of Q fever in slaughterhouse workers to range from 5 to 90% [ 12 , 14 , 15 , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] ]. It is difficult to compare our results with reports from different regions because different diagnostic tests have been used [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Q fever outbreaks have been documented in multiple countries with slaughterhouse workers considered a high risk group [ 11 , 12 ]. The primary risk factor identified for seropositivity to C. burnetii in slaughterhouse workers is the role within the slaughterhouse particularly those workers exposed to hides and viscera [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evidence of exposure to C. burnetii among slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Q fever, caused by C. burnetii , has been reported in slaughterhouse workers worldwide. The most reported risk factor for seropositivity is the workers' role in the slaughterhouse. This study examined the seroprevalence and risk factors for antibodies to C. burnetii in slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya to fill a data gap relating to this emerging disease in East Africa. Individuals were recruited from all consenting slaughterhouses in the study area between February and November 2012. Information was collected from participating workers regarding demographic data, animals slaughtered and role in the slaughterhouse. Sera samples were screened for antibodies to C. burnetii using a commercial ELISA and risk factors associated with seropositivity were identified using multi-level logistic regression analysis. Slaughterhouse workers ( n = 566) were recruited from 84 ruminant slaughterhouses in western Kenya. The seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii was 37.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 33.2–41.2%). The risk factors identified for C. burnetii seropositivity included: male workers compared to female workers, odds ratio (OR) 5.40 (95% CI 1.38–21.22); slaughtering cattle and small ruminants compared to those who only slaughtered cattle, OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.06–2.19). In addition, specific roles in the slaughterhouse were associated with increased odds of being seropositive, including cleaning the slaughterhouse, OR 3.98 (95% CI 1.39–11.43); cleaning the intestines, OR 3.24 (95% CI 1.36–7.73); and flaying the carcass OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.46–4.75) compared to being the slaughterman or foreman. We identified that slaughterhouse workers have a higher seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii compared to published values in the general population from the same area. Slaughterhouse workers therefore represent an occupational risk group in this East African setting. Workers with increased contact with the viscera and fluids are at higher risk for exposure to C. burnetii . Education of workers may reduce transmission, but an alternative approach may be to consider the benefits of vaccination in high-risk groups.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence of exposure to C. burnetii among slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most commonly used tests were the Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Achievement (Woodcock et al, 2001) (eight studies, four of which shared the same lead author) and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) (Wechsler, 2005) (five studies). The following measures were used in no more than two studies: a non-standardised teacher rating scale of academic skills, the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001), the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) (Jastak and Wilkinson, 1984), the Differential Ability Scales (DAS) Achievement Tests (Elliott, 1990), the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude (Hammill, 1985), the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (Kaufman and Kaufman, 1985), the Wechsler Objective Reading and Numerical Dimensions (Rust et al, 1993), the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (Torgesen et al, 1997), the Central Institute of Test Development School Attainment Test (see Driessen et al, 2008), the Neale Analysis of Reading (Neale, 1958), Schonell Graded Spelling Test (Schonell and Schonell, 1960), and Enright Diagnostic Math Test (Enright, 1983). Assessments were usually administered by the researchers rather than the school or the students’ teachers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How well are children with autism spectrum disorder doing academically at school? An overview of the literature

Keen

Webster

Ridley

2015

Autism

214

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The academic achievement of individuals with autism spectrum disorder has received little attention from researchers despite the importance placed on this by schools, families and students with autism spectrum disorder. Investigating factors that lead to increased academic achievement thus would appear to be very important. A review of the literature was conducted to identify factors related to the academic achievement of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. A total of 19 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results indicated that many individuals demonstrate specific areas of strength and weakness and there is a great deal of variability in general academic achievement across the autism spectrum. Adolescents and individuals with lower IQ scores were underrepresented, and few studies focused on environmental factors related to academic success. The importance of individualised assessments that profile the relative strengths and weaknesses of children and adolescents to aid in educational programming was highlighted. Further research on child-related and environmental factors that predict academic achievement is needed. The academic achievement of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received little attention from researchers despite the importance placed on this by schools, families and students with ASD. Investigating factors that lead to increased academic achievement thus would appear to be paramount. A review of the literature was conducted to identify factors related to the academic achievement of children and adolescents with ASD. Nineteen studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results indicated that many individuals demonstrate specific areas of strength and weakness and there is a great deal of variability in general academic achievement across the autism spectrum. Adolescents and individuals with lower IQ scores were underrepresented and few studies focused on environmental factors related to academic success. The importance of individualised assessments that profile the relative strengths and weaknesses of children and adolescents to aid in educational programming was highlighted. Further research on child-related and environmental factors that predict academic achievement is needed.

show abstract

“…Ticks transmit the virus to animals, however, natural exposure to humans is rare [ 33 ]. Instead humans that are exposed to infected animals such as veterinarians, farmers, butchers, and abattoir workers, as well as laboratory scientists have acquired LIV infection [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. In between the years of 1934 and 1991, 31 human cases of LIV was described [ 62 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Flaviviruses and the Type I Interferon Response

Lindqvist

Upadhyay

Överby

2018

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flaviviruses are globally distributed pathogens causing millions of human infections every year. Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses and are mainly transmitted by either ticks or mosquitoes. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the innate immune response have been well-studied and reviewed extensively, thus this review will discuss tick-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the host innate immune response.

show abstract

Occupational infections in the Edinburgh abattoir.

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Evidence of exposure to C. burnetii among slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya

Evidence of exposure to C. burnetii among slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya

How well are children with autism spectrum disorder doing academically at school? An overview of the literature

Tick-Borne Flaviviruses and the Type I Interferon Response

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About