Occupational Lung Cancer Risk for Men in Germany: Results from a Pooled Case-Control Study

Brüske‐Hohlfeld, Irene; Mühner, Matthias; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Bolm‐Audorff, Ulrich; Kreienbrock, Lothar; Kreuzer, Michaela; Jahn, Ingeborg; Wichmann, Heinz‐Erich; Jückel, Karl-Heinz

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010218

Cited by 131 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The analysis adjusted for smoking and asbestos exposure and found that their joint effect was multiplicative. As expected a priori, significant associations with increased lung cancer risk were observed for several industries, occupations, and specific exposures such as asbestos (54), crystalline silica (54), man-made mineral fibers (54), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (54), welding fumes (52), and diesel engine emission (24). Many of the industries or occupations for which an increased risk was found were ones for which the responsible agent was known or suspected, for example, the rubber industry (solvents) and metal production (cadmium and nickel) among men and personal service work in hotels and restaurants (environmental tobacco smoke), stock clerking and storage and warehousing work (diesel engine exhaust) among women.…”

Section: Criteria Used For Selecting the Studiessupporting

confidence: 78%

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Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

261

202

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Objectives This study attempts to estimate the proportion of annual deaths related to occupational factors in Finland and considers related methodological issues and associated uncertainties.Methods Statistics on causes of death, numbers of subjects exposed, and risk ratios obtained from the epidemiologic literature were used to estimate the population attributable fraction and disease burden for causes of death from work-related diseases. Gender-, age-and disease-specific numbers of deaths were provided by Statistics Finland for 1996. Information on the size of the population, broken down by gender, age, occupation, and industry, was acquired from population censuses. A Finnish job-exposure matrix supplied data on the prevalence of exposure for specific agents and the level of exposure among exposed workers. ResultsThe attributable fraction of work-related mortality in the relevant disease and age categories was estimated to be 7% (10% for men and 2% for women), and for all diseases and ages the fraction was 4%. For the main cause-of-death categories, the attributable fraction became 12% for circulatory system diseases, 8% for malignant neoplasms, 4% for respiratory system diseases, 4% for mental disorders, 3% for nervous system diseases, and 3% for accidents and violence. The following estimates were obtained for specific important diseases: 24% for lung cancer, 17% for ischemic heart disease, 12% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 11% for stroke. Based on these fractions, the total number of work-related deaths that occurred in Finland in 1996 was calculated to be on the order of 1800 (employed work force of 2.1 million); 86% involved men.Conclusions High-quality epidemiologic studies and national survey data are essential for obtaining reliable estimates of the proportion of deaths attributable to occupational factors. The magnitude of work-related mortality is an insufficiently recognized contributor to total mortality in Finland, especially from circulatory diseases and other diseases caused by exposure to agents other than asbestos.Key terms attributable fraction, burden of disease, epidemiologic methods, health statistics, occupational exposure. Global estimates of the burden of disease due to occupational factors have been calculated through the application of Finnish rates of registered work-related diseases (1). The approach is subject to the following two fundamental uncertainties: (i) the validity of the data on disease incidence from the national reporting scheme and (ii) the validity of worldwide extrapolations to different regions with different exposure circumstances. With the exception of studies using workers' compensation records, only a few research projects have estimated the magnitude of morbidity or mortality induced by exposure to hazardous agents or stress factors in the work environment at a state or national level. The investigations conducted in this area have covered New York State (2), the whole of the United States (3), Canada (4), and Australia (5). Given the lack of ...

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Section: Criteria Used For Selecting the Studiessupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Our selection of the attributable fraction estimates for lung cancer relied on the results from occupational cohort studies conducted in Finland (43)(44)(45)(46)(47) and Sweden (29,48) and also on results from population-based case-referent studies carried out in Finland (49), Norway (50), Germany (24,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55), and Belgium (56).…”

Section: Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

261

202

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“…Wherever possible for the proportionate mor tality studies, we used proportional cancer mor-tality ratios (calculating expected proportions of cancer deaths based on the proportion of cancer mortality in the reference population) in the anal ysis instead of PMRs as a more conservative ap proach, because proportional cancer mortality ratios provide a better risk estimate for specific cancer sites when the PMR for all cancer is artifi cially inflated by a deficit in other causes of death (Dalager et al 1980) Subgroup analyses were conducted by fur ther restriction to studies with stronger method ologies, such as those studies that adjusted for smoking (Baccarelli et al 2005;BrüskeHohlfeld et al 2000;Burns and Swanson 1991;DeStefani et al 1996DeStefani et al , 2005Dunn and Weir 1965;Hrubec et al 1995;Jahn et al 1999;Kjuus et al 1986;Lerch en et al 1987;Levin et al 1988;Matos et al 2000;Morabia et al 1992;Muscat et al 1998;Notani et al 1993;Pezzotto and Poletto 1999;Pronk et al 2009;Richiardi et al 2004;Ronco et al 1988;Siemiatycki 1991;vanLoon et al 1997;Viadana et al 1976;Vineis et al 1988;Williams et al 1977;WünschFilho et al 1998;Zahm et al 1989;Zeka et al 2006), other occupa-tional risk factors (Jahn et al 1999;Ron co et al 1988;Stockwell and Matanoski 1985;van Loon et al 1997), or population-based case-con trol studies that adjusted for smoking (Brüske-Hohlfeld et al 2000;Burns and Swanson 1991;…”

Section: Summary Statistics Calculated For Inclusion In the Meta-analmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Here we refer to record linkage studies as a subset of cohort studies where two databases are linked, such as a cohort of painters derived from census data and national mortality data, with only min imum demographic information available for the cohort.) Case-control studies have also shown that occupational exposure as a painter is a risk factor for lung cancer (Bethwaite et al 1990;Bou chardy et al 2002;Breslow et al 1954;DeStefani et al 1996;Finkelstein 1995;Milne et al 1983;Pohla beln et al 2000;Wynder and Graham 1951), albeit some-what less consistently (Baccarelli et al 2005;Morabia et al 1992;Muscat et al 1998;WünschFilho et al 1998), and the in creased risk persisted after adjusting for the po tential confounding by smoking (Brüske-Hohlfeld et al 2000;Coggon et al 1986;Decouflé et al 1977;Houten et al 1977;Jahn et al 1999;Kjuus et al 1986;Lerchen et al 1987;Richiardi et al 2004;Ronco et al 1988;Viadana et al 1976;Williams et al 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer risk in painters: a meta-analysis

Guha¹,

Merletti

Steenland

et al. 2011

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively compare the association between occupation as a painter and the incidence or mortality from lung cancer. PubMed and the reference lists of pertinent publications were searched and reviewed. For the meta-analysis, we used data from 47 independent cohort, record linkage, and case-control studies (from a total of 74 reports), including > 11,000 incident cases or deaths from lung cancer among painters. Three authors independently abstracted data and assessed study quality. The summary relative risk (meta-RR, random effects) for lung cancer in paint-ers was 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-1.41; 47 studies] and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.21-1.51; 27 studies) after controlling for smoking. The relative risk was higher in never-smokers (meta-RR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.09-3.67; 3studies) and persisted when restricted to studies that adjusted for other occupational exposures (meta-RR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.21-2.04; 5 studies). These results support the conclusion that occupational exposures in painters are causally associated with the risk of lung cancer.

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“…[The Working Group noted that the job-exposure matrix for PAHs included several occupations in which exposure to PAHs is questionable. ]Data from two German case-control studies of lung cancer were pooled for joint analysis (Brüske-Hohlfeld et al, 2000). One study was carried out by the Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine in Bremen, the area surrounding Bremen and the Frankfurt/Main area to determine the association between lung cancer and occupational risk factors among 1004 cases and 1004 population controls randomly selected from mandatory community registries and matched on age, sex and region of residence in 1988-93.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Field Analyses with Laboratory Exposures to Assess Ecosystems Health

Hellou¹,

Beach²,

Leonard³

et al. 2012

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. The programme was subsequently expanded to include evaluations of carcinogenic risks associated with exposures to complex mixtures, life-style factors and biological and physical agents, as well as those in specific occupations. The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations; to evaluate these data in terms of human risk with the help of international working groups of experts in chemical carcinogenesis Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved.The International Agency for Research on Cancer welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate IARC publications -whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution -should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int).The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.The IARC Monographs Working Group alone is responsible for the views expressed in this publication. IARC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data NOTE TO THE READERThe term 'carcinogenic risk' in the IARC Monographs series is taken to mean that an agent is capable of causing cancer under some circumstances. The Monographs evaluate cancer hazards, despite the historical presence of the word 'risks' in the title.Inclusion of an agent in the Monographs does not imply that it is a carcinogen, only that the published data have been examined. Equally, the fact that an agent has not yet been evaluated in a Monograph does not mean that it is not carcinogenic.The evaluations of carcinogenic risk are made by international working groups of independent scientists and are qualitative in nature. No recommendation is given for regulation or legislation.Anyone who is aware of published data that may alter the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of an agent to humans is encouraged to make this information available to the Section of IARC Monographs, International Agency for...

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Occupational Lung Cancer Risk for Men in Germany: Results from a Pooled Case-Control Study

Cited by 131 publications

References 26 publications

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Lung cancer risk in painters: a meta-analysis

Integrating Field Analyses with Laboratory Exposures to Assess Ecosystems Health

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