Occupational physical activity and risk for cancer of the colon and rectum in Sweden among men and women by anatomic subsite

Moradi, Tahereh; Gridley, Gloria; Björk, Jan; Dosemeci, Mustafa; Ji, Bu‐Tian; Berkel, Hans J.; Lemeshow, Stanley

doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e3282b6fd78

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…In this study the protective effect in men seemed a bit more pronounced than in women (24% versus 21%) when the two genders were compared. It was also observed in this study that physical activity also reduced the risk of rectal cancer, but the effect was not as strong as that in colon cancer [4,5]. Moreover; reduced incidence of colon cancer was observed in professionals that required continuous daily physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Pathways to Gene Therapy

Kosmıdis¹,

Efthimidis²,

Baka³

et al. 2017

Oncomedicine

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Nowadays colorectal cancer is still considered the third most common cancer in the world. The tumorigenesis mechanisms of colorectal cancer have been widely studied at a molecular level. It has been observed that morbidity and mortality caused by colorectal cancer impacts on the global economy. This occurs through the loss of productivity and the burden on the healthcare system. Therefore an effort is made by several researchers to expend considerably their resources to develop treatments and preventative strategies to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. A Large-scale sequencing of genome, proteome, microbiome, and transcriptome analyses of colorectal cancer tissue has allowed researchers to better understand colorectal cancer subtypes. Until now the following parameters have been identified with the etiology of colorectal cancer genetic mutations, inflammatory processes, diet, and the gut microbes. In the current review we will present the molecular pathways of CRC and discuss novel gene therapy approaches.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Pathways to Gene Therapy

Kosmıdis¹,

Efthimidis²,

Baka³

et al. 2017

Oncomedicine

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“…Among the dose -response effects evaluated, less than half reported a significant trend. Of note, several studies that examined dose -response effects in men and women separately found significant trends only in men (Chao et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2007;Takahashi et al, 2007;Howard et al, 2008;Nilsen et al, 2008), but one found significant trends only in women (Thune and Lund, 1996) and two in both men and women (Wei et al, 2004;Moradi et al, 2008). In contrast, only 10 case-control studies reported a test for trend, and four found significant results for at least one group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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Although an inverse association between physical activity and risk of colon cancer is well established, a formal estimate of the magnitude of this risk reduction that includes recent studies is not available. This analysis examines the association by sex and study design, restricting analyses to studies where data for colon cancer alone were available. The authors reviewed published studies through June 2008 examining the association between physical activity and risk of colon cancer. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated and random effects models used to estimate relative risks (RR). Differences by sex and study design were evaluated. A total of 52 studies were included. An inverse association between physical activity and colon cancer was found with an overall relative risk (RR) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval ( Moreover, this association is plausibly supported by several biological mechanisms, including decreased inflammation, reduced intestinal transit time, decreased insulin-like growth factor levels, reduced hyperinsulinemia and modulated immune function with physical activity. Although several qualitative reviews of this literature have been conducted, an up-to-date meta-analysis of the studies of physical activity and colon cancer is not available (International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, 2002;Slattery, 2004). One recent study quantitatively evaluated data on the relation between physical activity and risk of colon cancer, but also included colorectal cancer end points (Samad et al, 2005). No association has been consistently found for physical activity and rectal cancer, and the consensus is that one is unlikely to exist (International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, 2002). Estimation of the risk reduction associated with physical activity separately for colon cancer is important for public health because the disease burden attributable to physical inactivity is likely underestimated by including rectal cancer end points. The World Health Organization conducted a meta-analysis using data from studies prior to 2000, and estimated that 16% of the global colon cancer disease burden is due to physical inactivity (Bull et al, 2004). However, this meta-analysis was conducted several years ago, and also did not investigate differences by study design. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the summary relative risk of colon cancer associated with physical activity, based on available studies to date. MATERIALS AND METHODSA search was conducted on PubMed for all publications in English through June 2008. The search terms physical activity, exercise, and colon cancer were used. In addition, previous reviews of the data (Slattery, 2004;Samad et al, 2005;Lee and Oguma, 2006) and the reference lists of included studies were reviewed.We included only case -control or cohort studies with a colon cancer end point. Studies that reported the findings for rectal cancer or for colon and rectal cancers combined (colorectal cancer) were excluded for the reason detailed above. We did not limi...

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“…47,48 Physical inactivity is associated with a rather small increase in colon but not rectal cancer risk. 49,50 Although there has been an increase in the total meat intake per capita in the United States since the 1970s, red meat consumption appears to have decreased slightly, but there is no evidence of a particular subsite-specific effect. 35,51 Overall, obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity have increased over time and would tend to increase the risk of CRC in the population, with a greater increase expected in the colon than in the rectum in the absence of other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%