“…Workplace design in manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries faces many problems such as low productivity (Hermawati, Lawson & Sutarto, 2014), inadequate workspace conditions (Hermawati et al, 2014), high safety and health risks (Agumba & Haupt, 2012;Işık & Atasoylu, 2017;Reinhold, Järvis & Tint, 2015;Sinclair, Cunningham & Schulte, 2013;Wang, Mei, Liu & Zhang, 2018) and high material handling costs (Mufti, Ikhsan & Putri, 2019;Trisusanto, Bariyah & Kristanto, 2020). This study examines workplace design frameworks in the manufacturing industry and evaluates their compliance with the characteristics of manufacturing SMEs in developing countries, particularly Indonesia.…”