Occupations and Parkinson’s Disease: A Multi-Center Case-Control Study in South Korea

“…A number of studies (27)(28)(29), though not all (30), have reported associations between agricultural jobs and Parkinson's disease. Most investigators have related these associations to the use of pesticides in these jobs.…”

Section: Agricultural Employment Versus Pesticide Exposure: What Is Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson’s disease – a population-based case–control study evaluating the potential for recall bias

Rugbjerg¹,

Harris²,

Shen³

et al. 2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Several studies have suggested that exposures to aluminum, copper, and lead are risk factors for PD, 10,73,74 but no such link has been found for manganese. 10,12,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80] In one study conducted in southern Quebec (Canada), involving 42 parkinsonian patients compared with a group of 84 matched controls, a slightly increased risk for PD was found to be associated with occupational exposure to manganese, iron, and aluminum, but this association did not reach statistical significance. 81 In a study of WWII Twins Cohort, involving 163 twin pairs, in which a blinded industrial hygienist estimated lifetime occupational manganese exposure intensity and duration, twins with PD were less likely to have ever been exposed to manganese than their control twin (OR ϭ 0.36) and had a shorter average duration of manganese exposure than did controls.…”

Section: How Is the Diagnosis Of Manganese-induced Parkinsonism Confimentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for a relationship between manganese and welding and Parkinson’s disease

Jankovic

2005

Neurology

153

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Abstract-Research into the causes of Parkinson disease (PD) has accelerated recently with the discovery of novel gene mutations. The majority of PD cases, however, remain idiopathic and in those cases environmental causes should be considered. Several recent reports have focused on welding and manganese toxicity as potential risk factors for parkinsonism and some have even proposed that welding is a risk factor for PD. The controversy has stimulated this review, the primary aim of which is to critically and objectively examine the evidence or lack of evidence for a relationship among welding, manganese, parkinsonism, and PD. NEUROLOGY 2005;64:2021-2028 Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting approximately 1 million Americans and 1 to 2% of those over age 60 worldwide.1-3 With the lifetime risk of 2% and an increasing incidence with age, coupled with aging of the population, the prevalence of PD is expected to triple over the next 50 years.Despite the growing number of newly identified genetic causes of parkinsonism, 4,5 in the majority of cases the cause is unknown, hence the enormous interest in the role of environmental factors in various parkinsonian disorders.6,7 While numerous toxins have been found to produce nigrostriatal degeneration in experimental animals, 8 there is no evidence that any environmental toxin causes PD. A variety of environmental and occupational exposures, however, have been implicated in the etiology of PD. These include exposure to well water, pesticides, herbicides, rural living, certain metals, fuel oil, magnetic fields, and employment in the steel/alloy industry, wood/pulp plants, farming, carpentry, cleaning, orchards, planer mill, forestry, logging, mining, as well as certain occupations such as body and fender repairmen, auto painters, railroad and car shop mechanics, and workers in oil and gas fields. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In the recent past, several reports have also suggested that welders may be at a higher risk for developing parkinsonism, and some have even proposed that welding is a risk factor for PD.18,19 These claims have entered the legal system and numerous lawsuits have been filed on behalf of welders alleging that toxic fumes generated by the welding rods have caused not only parkinsonism, but also PD. In this review, we intend to examine the evidence for and against a relationship among welding, manganese, parkinsonism, and PD.With the discovery of new causes of parkinsonism and with the recognition that the same etiology (e.g., a single gene mutation) can be associated with markedly diverse pathology, the traditional view that pathologic examination is the gold standard in the diagnosis of PD has been recently challenged. 20,21 In this review, unless a specific etiologic cause is identified, we will define PD based on clinical-pathologic criteria.22 This approach is supported by several studies demonstrating that when PD is diagnosed clinically by expert parkinsonologists, the autopsy confirms the diagn...

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Occupations and Parkinson’s Disease: A Multi-Center Case-Control Study in South Korea

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson’s disease – a population-based case–control study evaluating the potential for recall bias

Searching for a relationship between manganese and welding and Parkinson’s disease

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