Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species from poultry farms in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Salmonella species are among the major foodborne pathogens causing diseases of economic and public health implications in poultry and humans globally.Objective: This study aimed to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from chickens in poultry farms in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria.Methods: Cloacal swab samples (n = 360) were obtained from chickens randomly selected from 10 poultry farms in five local government areas of Ibadan, Oyo State, from 04 April 2018 to 20 November 2018. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using established protocols. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-squared test at P ≤ 0.05 significance level.Results: The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 21.4%. There were statistically significant associations between Salmonella prevalence and the farm location (p = 0.003), age of chickens (p 0.001), and health status of chickens (p 0.001). All Salmonella isolates (n = 77; 100.0%) were resistant to cefuroxime. The isolates were also highly resistant to cotrimoxazole (n = 74; 96.1%), chloramphenicol (n = 73; 94.8%), meropenem (n = 72; 93.5%), gentamicin (n = 69; 89.6%), and tetracycline (n = 64; 83.1%).Conclusion: The presence of drug-resistant Salmonella in commercial layer chickens in Ibadan is a potential threat to consumer health as it increases the risk of carcass contamination and pathogen propagation, and limits the options to control and treat infections in humans and animals. Well-integrated national surveillance systems for monitoring Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in poultry are critical.

Antibiofilm Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia kola against ‎Salmonella species in Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus, ‎Temmink 1827) from Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria

“…This report is similar to reports in Eastern Ethiopia (Usmael et al, 2022) and Brazil (Souto et al, 2017). The isolates were most resistant to tetracycline (66.67%) and ceftriaxone (62.5%) which is similar to reports in Nigeria (Orum et al, 2022) and South Africa (Jaja et al, 2019). This study shows the varying effects of biofilm inhibition on different isolated Salmonella species.…”

“…Additionally, it is possible that the unhygienic conditions observed on farms, inadequate biosecurity measures, and the transmission of these pathogens from humans to wildlife through hunting activities have contributed to this inconsistency. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates has been reported in living species and food samples in certain regions of Africa (Abdi et al, 2017;Marami, Hailu and Tolera, 2018;Orum et al, 2022). This may be because of indiscriminate antimicrobial abuses and interactions existing in animals, environment and man (Feasey et al, 2012;Usmael et al, 2022).…”

“…Salmonella species are zoonotic bacteria that stand as a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide, resulting in severe enteric fever which requires the use of antimicrobial therapy, especially among infants, and the elderly population who are immunocompromised (Jajere, 2019;Abebe et al, 2020;Orum et al, 2022). Some of these bacterial species cause infections where they reside in the digestive tracts of many farm animals.…”