Occurrence and carcinogenic potential of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some large-scale enclosed/semi-enclosed vehicle parking areas

Li, Huiru; Zeng, Xiangying; Zhang, Delin; Chen, Pei; Yu, Zhiqiang; Sheng, Guoying; Fu, Jiamo; Peng, Ping’an

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.016

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Monte Carlo simulation is based on repeated random sampling of the probability distributions defined for the principal factors of variation. It can not only diminish uncertainty of each parameter but also evaluate their influences on total variation, and, therefore, was applied in many risk assessments (Li et al 2014a). We conducted Monte Carlo simulation (100,000 trials, Oracle Crystal Ball Wang et al (2008) software) with the assumptions that C on-duty and C off-duty are uniformly distributed in the concentration ranges of the parking areas and TH, respectively, and BW has normal distribution with a mean value of 65 kg.…”

Section: Daily Inhalation Dose and Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in concentrated vehicle parking areas

Liu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study investigated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in air around three concentrated vehicle parking areas (underground, indoor, and outdoor) in a metropolitan of South China. The parking areas showed higher concentrations of PBDEs, PBDD/Fs, and DP than their adjacent urban area or distinct congener/isomer profiles, which indicate their local emission sources. The highest PBDE and DP concentrations were found in the outdoor parking lot, which might be related to the heating effect of direct sunlight exposure. Multi-linear regression analysis results suggest that deca-BDEs without noticeable transformation contributed most to airborne PBDEs in all studied areas, followed by penta-BDEs. The statistically lower anti-DP fractions in the urban area than that of commercial product signified its degradation/transformation during transportation. Neither PBDEs nor vehicle exhaust contributed much to airborne PBDD/Fs in the parking areas. There were 68.1-100 % of PBDEs, PBDD/Fs, and DP associated with particles. Logarithms of gas-particle distribution coefficients (K p s) of PBDEs were significantly linear-correlated with those of their sub-cooled vapor pressures (p L s) and octanol-air partition coefficients (K OA s) in all studied areas. The daily inhalation doses of PBDEs, DP, and PBDD/Fs were individually estimated as 89.7-10,741, 2.05-39.4, and 0.12-4.17 pg kg −1 day −1 for employees in the parking areas via Monte Carlo simulation.

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Section: Daily Inhalation Dose and Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in concentrated vehicle parking areas

Liu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The mean value of the total PAH concentrations was five times higher in underground parking lot dust (33.1 μg/g) than in surface parking lot dust (6.10 μg/g), which was caused by the higher concentrations of 3-, 4-, and 5-ring PAHs in underground parking lots ( Figure S2 ). The enclosed environment of an underground parking lot might contribute to the accumulation of PAHs in this type of dust, and ultimately lead to a substantial increase in PAHs concentrations [ 27 ]. In this study, the mean content of PAHs for underground parking lots was slightly higher than the underground unloading area of the Forum Aveiro shopping centre (23.2 μg/g), and for the surface parking lot, it was much lower than the central parking facilities of the University of Aveiro campus (outdoor parking, 24.3 μg/g) [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the megacities of China, numerous parking lots were built underground or in buildings, so were they in Harbin. The enclosed/semi-enclosed characteristic of these parking lots is not conducive to vehicle exhaust diffusion, resulting in an increase of vehicle-related pollutants in parking lot dust [ 27 ]. However, PAHs in parking lot dust has rarely gained the attention of researchers until now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Road Environments from Harbin, a Megacity of China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

Toxics

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To obtain a comprehensive understanding about that occurrence, sources, and effects on human health of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road environmental samples from Harbin, concentrations of 32 PAHs in road dust, green belt soil, and parking lot dust samples were quantified. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.95 to 40.7 μg/g and 0.39 to 43.9 μg/g in road dust and green belt soil, respectively, and were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). Despite the content of PAHs in arterial roads being higher, the composition profile of PAHs was hardly influenced by road types. For parking lot dust, the range of total PAH concentrations was 0.81–190 μg/g, and three-ring to five-ring PAHs produced the maximum contribution. Compared with surface parking lots (mean: 6.12 μg/g), higher total PAH concentrations were detected in underground parking lots (mean: 33.1 μg/g). The diagnostic ratios of PAHs showed that petroleum, petroleum combustion, and biomass/coal combustion were major sources of PAHs in the samples. Furthermore, according to the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk model, the cancer risks of three kinds of samples for adults and children were above the threshold (10−6). Overall, this study demonstrated that PAHs in the road environment of Harbin have a certain health impact on local citizens.

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“…Considering that this group consisted mainly of building concierges (61 of 67 group members), PAH exposure may have been caused by proximity to vehicle exhausts in building parking lots or on the roadside. 45 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Korean adults: evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 2-hydroxyfluorene using Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey data

Hong

Jung

Hun

et al. 2023

Ann Occup Environ Med

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Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are occupational and environmental pollutants generated by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Exposure to PAHs can occur in various occupations. In this study, we compared PAH exposure levels among occupations based on 4 urinary PAH metabolites in a Korean adult population. Methods The evaluation of occupational exposure to PAHs was conducted using Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey data. The occupational groups were classified based on skill types. Four urinary PAH metabolites were used to evaluate PAH exposure: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol (2-NAP), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPHE), and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFLU). The fraction exceeding the third quartile of urinary concentration for each PAH metabolite was assessed for each occupational group. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for exceeding the third quartile of urinary PAH metabolite concentration were calculated for each occupational group compared to the “business, administrative, clerical, financial, and insurance” group using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results The “guard and security” (OR: 2.949; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.300–6.691), “driving and transportation” (OR: 2.487; 95% CI: 1.418–4.364), “construction and mining” (OR: 2.683; 95% CI: 1.547–4.655), and “agriculture, forestry, and fisheries” (OR: 1.973; 95% CI: 1.220–3.191) groups had significantly higher ORs for 1-OHP compared to the reference group. No group showed significantly higher ORs than the reference group for 2-NAP. The groups with significantly higher ORs for 1-OHPHE than the reference group were “cooking and food service” (OR: 2.073; 95% CI: 1.208–3.556), “driving and transportation” (OR: 1.724; 95% CI: 1.059–2.808), and “printing, wood, and craft manufacturing” (OR: 2.255; 95% CI: 1.022–4.974). The OR for 2-OHFLU was significantly higher in the “printing, wood, and craft manufacturing” group (OR: 3.109; 95% CI: 1.335–7.241) than in the reference group. Conclusions The types and levels of PAH exposure differed among occupational groups in a Korean adult population.

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Occurrence and carcinogenic potential of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some large-scale enclosed/semi-enclosed vehicle parking areas

Cited by 24 publications

References 47 publications

Airborne polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in concentrated vehicle parking areas

Airborne polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in concentrated vehicle parking areas

Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Road Environments from Harbin, a Megacity of China

Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Korean adults: evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 2-hydroxyfluorene using Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey data

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