Occurrence and characterization of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in pig industries of northern Thailand

Patchanee, Prapas; Tadee, Pakpoom; Arjkumpa, Orapun; Love, David C.; Chanachai, Karoon; Alter, Thomas; Hinjoy, Soawapak; Tharavichitkul, Prasit

doi:10.4142/jvs.2014.15.4.529

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS), particularly S. aureus, can colonize both humans and animals (Sung et al, 2008). The present study showed that the rate of MRSA colonization among pig farmers (3.1 %) and pigs (0.6 %) was similar to the rates found in a recent study from northern Thailand, which reported that the prevalence of nasal MRSA carriers in pig-farm workers and pigs was 1.28 % (4/312) and 0.68 % (2/292), respectively (Patchanee et al, 2014). These rates are lower than those reported in Europe and North America, but are somewhat comparable to those of Asian countries such as China (Fang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Bacterial Isolatessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The first report of ST9 MRSA from pigs and farm workers in Asia was from China (Cui et al, 2009). Since then, many reports of ST9 LA-MRSA were made (Guardabassi et al, 2009;Neela et al, 2009;Vestergaard et al, 2012;Patchanee et al, 2014;Fang et al, 2014). Our study confirmed that ST9 MRSA was an endemic LA-MRSA strain in pigs and pigfarm workers in the Khon Kaen province of Thailand.…”

Section: Genotypes Of Mrssupporting

confidence: 82%

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SCCmec IX in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from pigs and workers at pig farms in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Sinlapasorn

Lulitanond

Chanawong

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, clonal complex (CC) 398, has been reported in Europe, whereas CC9 MRSA has mostly been found in Asia. Therefore, we aimed to detect MRSA on pig farms in north-eastern Thailand. A total of 257 nasal swabs (159 samples from pigs and 98 from pig-farm workers) were collected from three pig farms in north-eastern Thailand from 2010 to 2011. MRSA isolates were confirmed for femA and mecA genes by PCR. The MICs of eight antimicrobials, namely vancomycin (VA), cefazolin (CZ), ofloxacin (OF), tetracycline (TET), erythromycin (ER), oxacillin (OX), cefoxitin (FOX) and gentamicin (GN), were tested by agar dilution method. The virulence genes for PantonValentine leukocidin toxin (lukSF-PV), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) and a-haemolysin (hla) were detected by PCR. Strain typing was performed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec, agr, spa and multilocus sequence typing. Four MRSA were isolated: three from workers and one from a pig. All the MRSA isolates were resistant to OX, GN, ER, TET and CZ, and they all carried hla only. Two MRSA from humans carried SCCmec II-sequence type (ST)764-agr II, whereas the two remaining MRSA (one each from a human and a pig) contained SCCmec IX-ST9-agr II. Interestingly, meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates carrying SCCmec IX were also obtained from five workers and three pigs. This study suggests that the SCCmec IX element is distributed among the Staphylococcus found in pigs and pig-farm workers, and pigs may be a reservoir for MRSA in the community.

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Section: Bacterial Isolatessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Genotypes Of Mrssupporting

confidence: 82%

SCCmec IX in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from pigs and workers at pig farms in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Sinlapasorn

Lulitanond

Chanawong

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…aureus clonal complex (CC) 398 is a particular S. aureus strain commonly found in livestock and its emergence and dissemination has received global attention (Smith and Pearson, 2011). However, researchers have since documented that CC398 is not the only S. aureus strain circulating in the IHO environment; CC9 is being observed in hogs and IHO workers in the United States (Nadimpalli et al, 2014) and in hogs and IHO workers in Asia (Patchanee et al, 2014;Ye et al, 2016). Furthermore, among these and other lineages, there is evidence that genetic markers may distinguish livestock-from human-adapted clades among the CC398 and CC9 genotypes commonly associated with livestock (Sung et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surface waters near industrial hog operation spray fields

Hatcher

Myers

Heaney

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Industrial hog operations (IHOs) have been identified as a source of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, few studies have investigated the presence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in the environment near IHOs, specifically surface waters proximal to spray fields where IHO liquid lagoon waste is sprayed. Surface water samples (n=179) were collected over the course of approximately one year from nine locations in southeastern North Carolina and analyzed for the presence of presumptive MRSA using CHROMagar MRSA media. Culture-based, biochemical, and molecular tests, as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were used to confirm that isolates that grew on CHROMagar MRSA media were S. aureus. Confirmed S. aureus isolates were then tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics and screened for molecular markers of MRSA (mecA, mecC) and livestock adaptation (absence of scn). A total of 12 confirmed MRSA were detected in 9 distinct water samples. Nine of 12 MRSA isolates were also multidrug-resistant (MDRSA [i.e., resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes]). All MRSA were scn-positive and most (11/12) belonged to a staphylococcal protein A (spa) type t008, which is commonly associated with humans. Additionally, 12 confirmed S. aureus that were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) were recovered, 7 of which belonged to spa type t021 and were scn-negative (a marker of livestock-adaptation). This study demonstrated the presence of MSSA, MRSA, and MDRSA in surface waters adjacent to IHO lagoon waste spray fields in southeastern North Carolina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of waterborne S. aureus from surface waters proximal to IHOs.

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“…Recently, another MRSA clone emerged in the community, which was observed in livestock and related workers and was referred to as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) (3). Livestock, especially pigs, can serve as reservoirs for LA-MRSA, and the bacteria can also be transmitted to humans in close contact with MRSAcolonized animals (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans

Wang

Fan

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Use of antimicrobials in industrial food animal production is associated with the presence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among animals and humans. The livestock-associated (LA) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clonal complex 9 (CC9) is associated with animals and related workers in Asia. This study aimed to explore the genotypic and phenotypic markers of LA-MRSA CC9 in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional study of livestock workers and controls in Guangdong, China. The study participants responded to a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab for S. aureus analysis. The resulting isolates were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility, multilocus sequence type, and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections, causing diseases ranging from minor skin infections to severe septicemia and pneumonia, and is of particular concern because few antibiotics are effective at treating infections caused by the pathogen. The epidemiology of MRSA has changed with the increasing emergence of community-associated MRSA (1, 2). Recently, another MRSA clone emerged in the community, which was observed in livestock and related workers and was referred to as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) (3). Livestock, especially pigs, can serve as reservoirs for LA-MRSA, and the bacteria can also be transmitted to humans in close contact with MRSAcolonized animals (4, 5).LA-MRSA isolates have unique molecular characteristics that distinguish them from community-associated MRSA and health care-associated MRSA, and these characteristics vary according to the geographic area. Sequence type 398 (ST398) has been referred to as the most pandemic LA-MRSA in Europe and North America, while ST9 is the most prevalent LA-MRSA in most Asian countries (3). However, persons living in areas of high livestock density were also found to have a greater risk of LA-MRSA carriage even if they lacked direct contact with livestock (6, 7). Thus, the possibility of direct and indirect livestock contact as a potential source of human MRSA infection has become a growing public health concern.Few reports have described the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of LA-MRSA in developing countries in Asia. In China, MRSA has been isolated from pigs and pig workers (8, 9). However, there is still very limited information on LA-MRSA infection among healthy people. In addition, few studies examining human MRSA carriage have attempted to differentiate humanfrom livestock-associated isolates based on genotypic and phenotypic markers. The goals of this study, therefore, were to determine the prevalence of MRSA (including LA-MRSA) in livestock workers and control workers in Guangdong, as well as to use the multifactor dimensionality reduction method to detect the genotypic and phenotypic markers for LA-MRSA. MATERIALS AND METHODSEthics statement. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Universit...

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Occurrence and characterization of livestock-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin pig industries of northern Thailand

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

SCCmec IX in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from pigs and workers at pig farms in Khon Kaen, Thailand

SCCmec IX in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from pigs and workers at pig farms in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surface waters near industrial hog operation spray fields

Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans

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