Occurrence and cultural features of Streptococcus milleri in various body sites.

Poole, Pauline M.; Wilson, Glenn D.

doi:10.1136/jcp.32.8.764

Cited by 106 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus 1) , and these species exist in the oral mucosa, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract as normal flora 3) . Because SMG is not considered as skin flora, the identification in the blood sample should be considered significantly 4) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although members of the SMG are found among normal oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal flora, these organisms are often associated with several types of pyogenic infections, such as dental caries, brain abscess, appendicitis and hepatic abscess, and less frequently with bacteremia and endocarditis [1][2][3][4] . Patients with serious underlying con- Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis with Bacteremia Caused by Streptococcus anginosus Following Dental Procedure in a Previously Healthy Adolescent

Kim

Yum

Han

et al. 2012

Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis with Bacteremia Caused by Streptococcus anginosus Following Dental Procedure in a Previously Healthy Adolescent

Kim

Yum

Han

et al. 2012

Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…12 The natural habitat of S. milleri is the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and vagina. 13,14 It has been reported to cause meningitis, liver abscess, central nervous system infections, peritonitis, arthritis, maxillary sinusitis, and intra-abdominal sepsis. 15,16 This is the first report of S. milleri as the causative organism of acute suppurative thyroiditis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Abscess Caused by Internal Fistula

Al-Salem

Abusrair²,

Elbashier³

1994

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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AH Al-Salem, HA Abu-Srair, AM El-Bashier, Thyroid Abscess Caused by Internal Fistula. 1994; 14(1): 58-60 Acute suppurative thyroiditis is an uncommon condition, particularly in the pediatric age group.1,2 The routes through which bacteria reach the thyroid may be the blood stream, the lymphatics, a persistent thyroglossal duct, direct trauma to the thyroid gland, and direct invasion from neighboring structures.3 However, in most cases the route of infection is not obvious. In this respect, we describe a rare case of congenital fistula originating at the pyriform sinus as a route of infection in acute suppurative thyroiditis. Case ReportAn eight-year-old-Saudi female was admitted to Qatif Central Hospital with a seven day history of painful swelling of the left side of the neck associated with fever and difficulty swallowing. She gave a history of an upper respiratory tract infection a few days prior to the appearance of the swelling.On examination, she was febrile and looked ill (T 38.5°C). Examination of the neck revealed a red, warm and tender swelling mainly on the left side (Figure 1). This swelling measured 4x3 cm and moved with swallowing. Her complete blood count (CBC) showed a hemoglobin of 11.8 g/dl, white cell count of 9.4x10 9 /L with 69% polymorphs. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 104 mm/hr and blood cultures were negative. Her T3 was 1.77 mg/dl (n=15.5) and T4 was 1.18 mg/dl (n=0.8-1.8). Thyroid antibodies were negative. Neck ultrasound showed a fairly large hypoechoic area with a central area of increased echoes involving the left lobe of the thyroid, representing the abscess cavity and measuring 3.8x2.5 cm. The diagnosis of acute suppurative thyroiditis was established and the patient was initially treated with intravenous crystalline penicillin 100,000 units/kg/24h given every four hours and intravenous cloxacillin 100 mg/kg/24h in four divided doses for four days, but there was no improvement. A needle aspiration was performed. This revealed pus and about 15 cc were aspirated. The antibiotics were changed to intravenous cefuroxime (Zinacef) 100 mg/kg/24h in four divided doses and Flagyl 250 mg every eight hours for another five days, but the patient was still febrile and the swelling was becoming larger. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck (Figure 2) showed a fairly large soft tissue density involving the left lobe of the thyroid gland with multiple pockets of air trapped within the soft tissues and extending from the parapharyngeal region of the retropharyngeal area. The patient underwent incision and drainage and about 50 ml of pus were drained. Microscopic examination of the pus revealed white blood corpuscles with minute gram positive cocci. Pus was cultured on blood agar, chocolate agar aerobically and blood agar anaerobically. After 24 hours' incubation, Streptococcus milleri was identified by the characteristic sweetish caramel smell, colony morphology, and catalase test; identification was confirmed by A. P. 1.20 Strep. (API system SA, La Balme-Les-Grottes, France...

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“…AGS are regarded as opportunistic human pathogens because AGS infection occurs less frequently than infections caused by well-known pathogenic streptococci, such as group A streptococci (GAS), group B streptococci (GBS) and pneumococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae). However, AGS are associated with different body sites and a wide range of clinical infections (Poole & Wilson, 1979;Ruoff, 1988;Whiley et al, 1992). Furthermore, case reports of AGS infection have been increasing in recent years and the clinical significance of AGS infection is recognized increasingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A streptolysin S homologue is essential for β-haemolytic Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus cytotoxicity

et al. 2014

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Streptococcus constellatus is a member of the Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) and primarily inhabits the human oral cavity. S. constellatus is composed of three subspecies: S. constellatus subsp. constellatus (SCC), S. constellatus subsp. pharyngis and the newly described subspecies S. constellatus subsp. viborgensis. Although previous studies have established that SCC contains b-haemolytic strains, the factor(s) responsible for b-haemolysis in b-haemolytic SCC (b-SCC) has yet to be clarified. Recently, we discovered that a streptolysin S (SLS) homologue is the b-haemolytic factor of b-haemolytic Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (b-SAA), another member of the AGS. Furthermore, because previous studies have suggested that other AGS species, except for Streptococcus intermedius, do not possess a haemolysin(s) belonging to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, we hypothesized that, as with b-SAA, the SLS homologue is the b-haemolytic factor of b-SCC, and therefore aimed to investigate and characterize the haemolytic factor of b-SCC in the present study. PCR amplification revealed that all of the tested b-SCC strains were positive for the sagA homologue of SCC (sagA SCC ). Further investigations using b-SCC strain W277 were conducted to elucidate the relationship between sagA SCC and b-haemolysis by constructing sagA SCC deletion mutants, which completely lost bhaemolytic activity. This loss of b-haemolytic activity was restored by trans-complementation of sagA SCC . Furthermore, a co-cultivation assay established that the cytotoxicity of b-SCC was clearly dependent on the presence of sagA SCC . These results demonstrate that sagA SCC is the factor responsible for b-SCC b-haemolysis and cytotoxicity. INTRODUCTIONAnginosus group streptococci (AGS) are commensal bacteria in the human oral cavity. Current classification assigns AGS to three species, including five subspecies (Jensen et al., 2013): Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (SAA), S. anginosus subsp. whileyi (SAW), Streptococcus constellatus Abbreviations: AGS, Anginosus group streptococci; CSP, competence-stimulating peptide; erm, erythromycin resistance gene cassette; GAS, group A streptococci; GBS, group B streptococci; PGS, Pyogenic group streptococci; SAA, Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus; SAW, Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi; SCC, Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus; SCP, Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis; SCV, Streptococcus constellatus subsp. viborgensis; SLS, streptolysin S.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sag operon homologue from b-haemolytic SCC strain W277, the sagA homologues from bhaemolytic SCC strains HW74 and 1340, and the sag operon homologues from the SCP type strain MM9889a T (5SK1060 T ), the SAW strain MAS624 and the SCV type strain SK1359 T are AB389362, AB389363, AB389364, AB389365, AB389366 and AB860419, respectively. (2014), 160, 980-991 Microbiology

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Occurrence and cultural features of Streptococcus milleri in various body sites.

Cited by 106 publications

References 20 publications

Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis with Bacteremia Caused by Streptococcus anginosus Following Dental Procedure in a Previously Healthy Adolescent

Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis with Bacteremia Caused by Streptococcus anginosus Following Dental Procedure in a Previously Healthy Adolescent

Thyroid Abscess Caused by Internal Fistula

A streptolysin S homologue is essential for β-haemolytic Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus cytotoxicity

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