Occurrence and distribution of color and hydrogen sulfide in water of the principal artesian aquifers in the Valdosta area, Georgia

Krause, Richard E.

doi:10.3133/ofr76378

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, the average maximum loss (loss during periods of high flow) from the river has decreased from about 300 ft3/s in 1976 to 82 tf/s during 1989. The long-term average streamflow loss was 112 tf/s reported by Krause (1976) compared to 60 tf/s reported in this study. The differences in long-term average streamflow loss determined in this study and by Krause (1979) are attributed to better estimates of loss at higher streamflows and possibly partial plugging of the sinkholes since 1975.…”

Section: Estimate Of Mixing From Chloride Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The study area encompasses about 250 mi2 in the Coastal Plain physiographic province in south-central Georgia near Valdosta ( fig. 1), and includes the areas north, northwest, and northeast of Valdosta, where previous studies by Krause (1976Krause ( , 1979 indicated that ground-water development potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer is minimally affected by recharge from the Withlacoochee River.…”

Section: Area Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies by Krause (1976Krause ( ,1979 identified water-quality problems, mapped areas where wells open to the Upper Floridan aquifer yielded water high in color and hydrogen sulfide concentrations, examined streamflow and ground-water interactions in the Valdosta area, and described the geology of a three-county area with emphasis on the Valdosta area. Ground-water samples were collected in the Valdosta area by the USGS in 1979USGS in , 1982USGS in , 1983USGS in , 1984USGS in , and 1985 and analyzed for major ions, organic compounds, and dissolved gases as part of a data-collection program conducted in cooperation with the city of Valdosta.…”

Section: Previous Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-resources development potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Valdosta area, south-central Georgia

McConnell¹,

Hacke²

1993

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Introduction 2 Purpose and scope 2 Area of study 3 Previous investigations 3 Acknowledgments 3 Well, and surface-water station numbering system 4 Data collection 5 Streamflow 5 Water quality 5 Groundwater levels 10 Physical properties of geologic materials 10 Geologic setting 11 Ocala Limestone 11 Suwannee Limestone 11 Hawthorne Group 11 Miccosukee Formation 14 Undifferentiated sediments of Quaternary Age 14 Hydrogeology IS Unnamed aquifer of Pliocene age IS Unnamed aquifer of Miocene age IS Upper Floridan aquifer IS Water-bearing zones 17 Recharge and discharge 17 Hydraulic characteristics 19 Stream-aquifer relation 20 Streamflow loss to the Upper Floridan aquifer 21 Direction of groundwater flow 23 Water quality 26 Water quality of the Withlacoochee River 26 Organic carbon discharge to the Upper Floridan aquifer 26 Effects of recharge on groundwater quality 30 Total organic carbon, total sulfide, and methane distribution in ground water 33 Estimate of mixing from chloride concentrations 37 Water-resources development potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer 38 Summary and conclusions 41 References cited 43 Appendix I-Descriptions of core and cuttings from well 19F101 44 ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS EPD Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division MCL Maximum contaminant level-maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to any user of a public water system SMCL Secondary maximum contaminant level-a contaminant level that affects the aesthetic quality of drinking water. TOC Total organic carbon TU Tritium unit-A unit of measurement for tritium concentration. Tritium concentration also is expressed in picocuries per liter. One TU equals 3.2 picocuries per liter USGS U.S. Geological Survey VERTICAL DATUM Sea level: In this report "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of !929-a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called "Sea Level Datum of 1929".

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Section: Estimate Of Mixing From Chloride Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Area Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-resources development potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Valdosta area, south-central Georgia

McConnell¹,

Hacke²

1993

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“…These sinkholes capture a portion of the river's flow and the water subsequently recharges the Floridan aquifer. Because the Withlacoochee River is a typical South Georgia blackwater stream, characterized by high concentrations of dissolved and particulate organic carbon, a large amount of organic carbon (referred to as total organic carbon (TOC)) is delivered to the Floridan aquifer at this location [Krause, 1976]. The TOC delivered to the Floridan aquifer via the sinkholes draining the Withlacoochee River is a potential electron donor for supporting microbial metabolism.…”

Section: Floridan Aquifer Valdosta Georgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial degradation of the TOC is indicated by its rapid decrease as groundwater flows downgradient (Figure 4) and by the accumulation of final products such as sulfide and methane. The fact that groundwater in the TOC plume is characterized by high concentrations of dissolved sulfides (0.02-2.9 mg/L) and high concentrations of methane (0.02-1.82 mg/L) ( Table 2) Groundwater flow in the Floridan aquifer, unlike the clastic Black Creek aquifer, occurs predominantly along fracture planes and solution conduits in the limestone [Krause, 1976]. Wells spaced relatively close to each other, but which tap different sets of fractures, often exhibit widely different water chemistry.…”

Section: Floridan Aquifer Valdosta Georgiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Deducing the Distribution of Terminal Electron‐Accepting Processes in Hydrologically Diverse Groundwater Systems

Chapelle¹,

McMahon²,

Dubrovsky³

et al. 1995

Water Resources Research

279

190

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The distribution of microbially mediated terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs) was investigated in four hydrologically diverse groundwater systems by considering patterns of electron acceptor (nitrate, sulfate) consumption, intermediate product (hydrogen (H2)) concentrations, and final product (ferrous iron, sulfide, and methane) production. In each hydrologic system a determination of predominant TEAPs could be arrived at, but the level of confidence appropriate for each determination differed. In a portion of the lacustrine aquifer of the San Joaquin Valley, for example, all three indicators (sulfate concentrations decreasing, H2 concentrations in the 1-2 nmol range, and sulfide concentrations increasing along flow paths identified sulfate reduction as the predominant TEAP, leading to a high degree of confidence in the determination. In portions of the Floridan aquifer and a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis are indicated by production of sulfide and methane, and hydrogen concentrations in the 1-4 nmol and 5-14 nmol range, respectively. However, because electron acceptor consumption could not be documented in these systems, less confidence is warranted in the TEAP determination. In the Black Creek aquifer, no pattern of sulfate consumption and sulfide production were observed, but H2 concentrations indicated sulfate reduction as the predominant TEAP. In this case, where just a single line of evidence is available, the least confidence in the TEAP diagnosis is justified. Because this methodology is based on measurable water chemistry parameters and upon the physiology of microbial electron transfer processes, it provides a better description of predominant redox processes in groundwater systems than more traditional Eh-based methods. IntroductionEvaluating oxidation-reduction processes is fundamental to understanding the hydrochemistry of groundwater systems. Redox reactions affect the speciation and mobility of dissolved constituents, especially metals and organic compounds, that are important from a water quality and health perspective. In spite of this importance, methods for evaluating redox conditions in anaerobic groundwater systems remain problematic. The early expectation that platinum electrode measurements [Sato, 1960] or measurement of redox couples could be used quantitatively to define an equilibrium redox potential (Eh) of groundwater has not been realized. This reflects the fact that the basic assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium is not appropriate for most hydrologic systems [Thorstenson, 1984;Lindberg and RunnelIs, 1984].The introduction of a kinetic, as apposed to an equilibrium, framework for describing microbially mediated terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs) in groundwater systems Paper number 94WR02525. 0043-1397/95/94 WR-025 25 $ 05.00 native way to describe redox processes in groundwater systems. At the most basic level, microbially mediated redox processes proceed sequentially so that electron donors and acceptors are con...

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Flow of river water into a Karstic limestone aquifer. 1. Tracing the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan Aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia

Plummer

Busenberg

McConnell

et al. 1998

Applied Geochemistry

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Occurrence and distribution of color and hydrogen sulfide in water of the principal artesian aquifers in the Valdosta area, Georgia

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-resources development potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Valdosta area, south-central Georgia

Hydrogeology, water quality, and water-resources development potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Valdosta area, south-central Georgia

Deducing the Distribution of Terminal Electron‐Accepting Processes in Hydrologically Diverse Groundwater Systems

Flow of river water into a Karstic limestone aquifer. 1. Tracing the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan Aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia

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