Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in manure during manure treatments: A short review

Background: Spreading of manure on agricultural soils represents an important pathway by which veterinary medicinal and biocidal products enter the environment. To assess their environmental impact in the context of authorization processes, experimental testing of transformation of these compounds in manure is considered in regulatory guidance documents. However, there is no standardized experimental test method available so far. To fill this gap, an experimental test method was developed to examine transformation in liquid cattle and pig manure. Results: To account for manure specifics and for a possible influence of manure parameters on transformation rates, a comprehensive data acquisition and statistical analysis were performed. To address the variability of liquid manure of different type and origin, 30 manures were sampled and characterized. Thereof, three cattle and three pig manures were selected to perform anaerobic transformation studies with two radiolabeled veterinary medicinal active substances (14 C-salicylic acid and 14 C-paracetamol) and a confidential radiolabeled " 14 C-biocide B" serving as test compounds. Spatial and seasonal variability of manure parameters was quantified, and a sampling technique to obtain homogenous manure samples was developed. Transformation studies with six replicates per sampling point were conducted to examine the influence of test setup, of manure storage conditions, and of parameter variations between manure of the same species and of different species on half-lives, formation of extractable and non-extractable residues and mineralization rates. Finally, a test design was established that yields reproducible results for transformation studies in liquid cattle and pig manure under anaerobic conditions. Conclusions: Results give a reliable basis for an experimental test method to perform anaerobic transformation studies in liquid cattle and pig manure. The developed test method comprises detailed guidance on selection of sampling date and site, collection from manure tank, storage duration and temperature in the laboratory, duration of manure acclimation period, and the incubation system design. It proved to give reproducible results in a validation ring test performed in a follow-up project and is planned to be submitted as draft test guideline for approval by the OECD.

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“…animals [1]. In addition, biocides used for livestock treatment and stable disinfection treatment are transferred into liquid manure (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a test method for transformation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides in anaerobic liquid manure

et al. 2020

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“…Firstly, sorption of the antibiotic onto the organic material present in the digestate can occur, reducing the antibiotic's efficacy (Yin et al., 2016). However, sorption of antibiotics onto organic material is reversible and can lead to future soil contamination (Spielmeyer, 2018). Secondly, the digestate would have contained numerous other microbes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of Staphylococcus aureus and the impact of chlortetracycline on biomethane production during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure

Kirby

Mirza

Leigh

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Research was undertaken to ascertain the effect on biogas potential during the anaerobic digestion of chicken manure containing Staphylococcus aureus and chlortetracycline (antibiotic) from infected chicken flocks. S. aureus is a pathogenic bacteria in chicken flocks that is usually treated with the broad-spectrum antibiotic, chlortetracycline. Veterinary antibiotics are often prescribed in the poultry sector for on-farm use at the flock level to control disease; consequently, significant quantities of antibiotics are excreted from the bird into the manure. Subsequent anaerobic digestion of this chicken manure could lead to pathogens and antibiotics affecting the digestion process. Anaerobic digestion biochemical methane potential assays were completed at 35°C for 39 days, with some assays receiving S. aureus and some receiving S. aureus and chlortetracycline. No viable S. aureus cells were detected after Day 0 of the experiment. A further experiment utilising an order of magnitude greater concentration of S. aureus demonstrated a significant reduction (>400 fold) in S. aureus within 24 h when inoculated into anaerobic digestate, with no viable S. aureus cells detected by the end of 3 days. Furthermore, the efficacy of chlortetracycline was significantly reduced when applied to anaerobic digestate compared to water alone. Total biogas yields from chicken manure were significantly lowered by the addition of S. aureus, with and without chlortetracycline. However, there was no significant difference in methane yields between treatments. The cellulose control assays showed a lag phase in methane production after receiving chlortetracycline. In comparison, the absence of a lag phase when the antibiotic were added to chicken manure may have been due to the relatively high nitrogen content of the feedstock reducing the inhibition of chlortetracycline on methanogens. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the addition of S. aureus and chlortetracycline does not have a commercially relevant effect on the digestion of chicken manure.

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“…Antibiotics are used in therapeutic or sub-therapeutic doses on animal farms, including swine farms, to prevent infections and treat disease (Yang et al, 2019). Spielmeyer (2018) reported that was possible to recover from <5 to 90%, depending on the antibiotic class, of the active substances in waste excreted by the animals because these compounds may not be completely metabolized. The most widely used antibiotics in animals include tetracyclines and sulfonamides, which are frequently detected in manure (Nurk et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effect Of Antimicrobials and Their Persistence In Digestatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional, Energy and Sanitary Aspects of Swine Manure and Carcass Co-digestion

Tápparo

Rogovski

Cadamuro

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Renewable energy can assist the management of the effects of population growth and rapid economic development on the sustainability of animal husbandry. The primary aim of renewable energy is to minimize the use of fossil fuels via the creation of environmentally friendly energy products from depleted fossil fuels. Digesters that treat swine manure are extensively used in treatment systems; and inclusion of swine carcasses can increase the organic loading rate (OLR) thereby improving biogas yield and productivity on farms. However, the characteristics of the components including animal residues, proteins, lipids, remains of undigested feed items, antimicrobial drug residues, pathogenic microorganisms and nutrient contents, are complex and diverse. It is therefore necessary to manage the anaerobic process stability and digestate purification for subsequent use as fertilizer. Efficient methane recovery from residues rich in lipids is difficult because such residues are only slowly biodegradable. Pretreatment can promote solubilization of lipids and accelerate anaerobic digestion, and pretreatments can process the swine carcass before its introduction onto biodigesters. This review presents an overview of the anaerobic digestion of swine manure and carcasses. We analyze the characteristics of these residues, and we identify strategies to enhance biogas yield and process stability. We consider energy potential, co-digestion of swine manure and carcasses, physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment of biomass, sanitary aspects of swine manure and co-digestates and their recycling as fertilizers.

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Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in manure during manure treatments: A short review

Cited by 107 publications

References 112 publications

Development of a test method for transformation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides in anaerobic liquid manure

Development of a test method for transformation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides in anaerobic liquid manure

Destruction of Staphylococcus aureus and the impact of chlortetracycline on biomethane production during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure

Nutritional, Energy and Sanitary Aspects of Swine Manure and Carcass Co-digestion

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