Occurrence and fate of the antidiabetic drug metformin and its metabolite guanylurea in the environment and during drinking water treatment

Scheurer, Marco; Michel, Amandine; Brauch, Heinz‐Jürgen; Rück, Wolfgang; Sacher, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.019

Cited by 224 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Metformin was detected at sites up to 3.2 km away from the shore, which was unanticipated given the volume of such a large lake system and the predominant southern current in this portion of Lake Michigan. Although metformin is less frequently measured than other compounds in PPCP studies, we have found, along with others, that metformin is prevalent in WWTP influent at concentrations as high as 129 000 ng L À1 but the removal efficiency ranges from 41% to over 98% (Scheurer et al, 2009(Scheurer et al, , 2012Trautwein and Kümmerer, 2011;Blair et al, 2013;Oosterhuis et al, 2013). The median value for metformin in Lake Michigan was greater than 100 ng L À1 , comparable to stream and small lake studies where metformin has been observed in 4.8% of samples with estimated levels of 110 ng L À1 in the U.S. (Kolpin et al, 2002) and was detected at all of the sites assessed at concentration up to 2000 ng L À1 in German rivers (Scheurer et al, 2009(Scheurer et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Surface Water Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 53%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

et al. 2013

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The monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has focused on the distribution in rivers and small lakes, but data regarding their occurrence and effects in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, are sparse. Wastewater treatment processes have not been optimized to remove influent PPCPs and are a major source of PPCPs in the environment. Furthermore, PPCPs are not currently regulated in wastewater effluent. In this experiment we evaluated the concentration, and corresponding risk, of PPCPs from a wastewater effluent source at varying distances in Lake Michigan. Fifty-four PPCPs and hormones were assessed on six different dates over a two-year period from surface water and sediment samples up to 3.2 km from a wastewater treatment plant and at two sites within a harbor. Thirty-two PPCPs were detected in Lake Michigan and 30 were detected in the sediment, with numerous PPCPs being detected up to 3.2 km away from the shoreline. The most frequently detected PPCPs in Lake Michigan were metformin, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. To determine the ecological risk, the maximum measured environmental concentrations were compared to the predicted no-effect concentration and 14 PPCPs were found to be of medium or high ecological risk. The environmental risk of PPCPs in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, has been questioned due to high dilution; however, the concentrations found in this study, and their corresponding risk quotient, indicate a significant threat by PPCPs to the health of the Great Lakes, particularly near shore organisms.

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Section: Surface Water Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 53%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

et al. 2013

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“…Several studies showed that the concentration of MET in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents increases steadily and ranges from 20 to 129 lg L À1 and 2.2 to 21 lg L À1 , respectively (Scheurer et al, 2009;van Nuijs et al, 2010;Trautwein and Kümmerer, 2011). Some papers reported MET in surface water in the range of 60-3100 ng L À1 (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé, 2011;Scheurer et al, 2012). These observations are alarming, because the capacities of conventional WWTPs for its removal and degradation may be not sufficient (Oosterhuis et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short term uptake and transport process for metformin in roots of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia

et al. 2015

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“…A wide pH range was investigated because of the variability in pK a values for metformin, chlorpropamide, gliclazide and glibenclamide. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Therefore, the pH values were varied between 4.0 and 10.0, and their inuence on the appearance (or not) of the electrophoretic peaks of the drugs and their apparent electrophoretic mobilities (m ap ) was investigated (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A capillary zone electrophoretic method for the determination of hypoglycemics as adulterants in herbal formulations used for the treatment of diabetes

et al. 2013

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Adulteration of antidiabetic herbal medicines with hypoglycemic drugs has been reported as a recurrent practice throughout the world. In this context, a new method for the determination of metformin, chlorpropamide, glibenclamide and gliclazide by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) is described in this paper. The proposed method was applied to the evaluation of adulterants in samples of herbal formulations commercialized by compounding pharmacies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The method was shown to be suitable for the simultaneous evaluation of hypoglycemics as adulterants using a 20 mmol L À1 sodium acetate solution at pH 10.0 as the working electrolyte. The method allows for the quantification of the adulterants in concentrations higher than 0.24 mg per capsule for metformin, 0.42 mg per capsule for chlorpropamide, 0.15 mg per capsule for glibenclamide and 0.33 mg per capsule for gliclazide.

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Occurrence and fate of the antidiabetic drug metformin and its metabolite guanylurea in the environment and during drinking water treatment

Cited by 224 publications

References 24 publications

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

Short term uptake and transport process for metformin in roots of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia

A capillary zone electrophoretic method for the determination of hypoglycemics as adulterants in herbal formulations used for the treatment of diabetes

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