Occurrence and function of membrane teichoic acids

Lambert, Peter A.; Hancock, I.C.; Baddiley, J.

doi:10.1016/0304-4157(77)90012-0

Cited by 120 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It has been postulated that this polymer functions in the regulation of autolytic activity (Cleveland et al, 1975(Cleveland et al, , 1976; Holtje & Tomasz, 1975), binding of Mg2+ for enzyme function (Lambert et al, 1977), and assembly of wall polymers (Fiedler & Glaser, 1974;Hancock & Baddiley, 1976). The D-alanine esters of LTA may provide one of the mechanisms for modulating these functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Alanyl-lipoteichoic acid in Lactobacillus casei: secretion of vesicles in response to benzylpenicillin

Pollack

Ntamere²,

Neuhaus³

1992

Journal of General Microbiology

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Vesicles containing lipoteichoic acid (LTA) have been isolated from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469 grown in the presence of either benzylpeniciUin or D-cycloserine. These cell wall antibiotics enhanced the rate of LTA and lipid secretion 6.7 times, whereas chloramphenicol inhibited their release. The formation of these vesicles from peripheral and septal wall regions did not appear to be the result of bacteriolysis. The vesicle composition of LTA and lipid was similar to that of the cytoplasmic membrane whereas the protein composition was dissimilar. The size of these vesicles ranged from 20 to 40 nm and the length of LTA ranged from 5 to 50 glycerol phosphate residues. The isolation of these vesicles provides a potential in vitro acceptor system for studying the D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Alanyl-lipoteichoic acid in Lactobacillus casei: secretion of vesicles in response to benzylpenicillin

Pollack

Ntamere²,

Neuhaus³

1992

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Although LTA were discovered ten years ago [l] and a variety of biological functions has since been ascribed to them [2][3][4], native polymers that retain their alanine ester substitution had not been isolated until recently [S]. It because evident that alanine ester substitution strongly affects the biological properties, as it can block lipoteichoic acid carrier (LTC) activity [S] and reduce the i~bito~ effect on autolytic enzymes (W. F. et al, unpublished).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The alanine ester substitution of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in Staphylococcus aureus

Fischer

Rösel

1980

FEBS Letters

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“…Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) are present in the cell wall of most Gram-positive bacteria and are linked to the cytoplasmic membrane (42). Most widespread are poly(glycerophosphate) LTAs such as the ones found in Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (43,44).…”

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confidence: 99%

Toll-like Receptor-2 Mediates Treponema Glycolipid and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced NF-κB Translocation

Opitz

Schröder

Spreitzer

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

209

141

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Recently Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been found to be involved in cellular activation by microbial products, including lipopolysaccharide, lipoproteins, and peptidoglycan. Although for these ligands the specific transmembrane signal transducers TLR-4, TLR-2, or TLR-2 and -6 have now been identified, the molecular basis of recognition of lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) and related glycolipids has not been completely understood. In order to determine the role of TLRs in immune cell activation by these stimuli, experiments involving TLR-2-negative cell lines, TLR-expression plasmids, macrophages from TLR-4-deficient C3H/HeJ-mice, and inhibitory TLR-4/MD-2 antibodies were performed. Glycolipids from Treponema maltophilum and Treponema brennaborense, as well as highly purified LTAs from Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis exhibited TLR-2 dependence in nuclear factor B activation and cytokine induction; however, T. brennaborense additionally appeared to signal via TLR-4. Fractionation of the T. brennaborense glycolipids by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and subsequent cell stimulation experiments revealed two peaks of activity, one exhibiting TLR-2-, and a second TLR-4-dependence. Furthermore, we show involvement of the signaling molecules MyD88 and NIK in cell stimulation by LTAs and glycolipids by dominant negative overexpression experiments. In summary, the results presented here indicate that TLR-2 is the main receptor for Treponema glycolipid and LTA-mediated inflammatory response.

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Occurrence and function of membrane teichoic acids

Cited by 120 publications

References 60 publications

D-Alanyl-lipoteichoic acid in Lactobacillus casei: secretion of vesicles in response to benzylpenicillin

D-Alanyl-lipoteichoic acid in Lactobacillus casei: secretion of vesicles in response to benzylpenicillin

The alanine ester substitution of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in Staphylococcus aureus

Toll-like Receptor-2 Mediates Treponema Glycolipid and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced NF-κB Translocation

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