Occurrence and gas/particle partitioning of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in the atmosphere of Fildes Peninsula of Antarctica

Occurrence, bioaccumulation and long-range transport of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on the Fildes Peninsula at King George Island, Antarctica

“…C 10 congeners have high volatility, but they also have low affinity for atmospheric particulates, which combined result in a strong potential for long-range atmospheric transport. Ma et al (2014c) also found that C 10 congeners predominated in Antarctic gas-phase air samples. Additionally, oceanic transport influences the transfer and deposition of pollutants at a global scale (Farrington and Takada, 2014;Dachs et al, 2002).…”

“…The concentrations of SCCPs were studied in the biota and sediment samples from Arctic and sub-Arctic environments (Reth et al, 2006;Strid et al, 2013;Tomy et al, 2000;Tomy et al, 1999). For Antarctica, the only data for SCCPs are from the air samples collected on the Fildes Peninsula (Ma et al, 2014c). Environment International 94 (2016) 408-414 Antarctica is far from industrial regions and is less affected by global anthropogenic activities.…”

“…Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, C 10 -C 13 ) can affect the liver, thyroid hormone system, and kidneys, e.g., by inducing hepatic enzymes and hyperactivity in the thyroid, which can lead to both acute and chronic toxic effects with long-term exposure (UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/6, 2012). Because of their potential for environmental persistence (Iozza et al, 2008), toxicity (Geng et al, 2015), bioaccumulation (Fisk et al, 1996;Houde et al, 2008;Ma et al, 2014b;Zeng et al, 2011b) and long-range atmospheric transport (Ma et al, 2014c;Vulykh et al, 2007), SCCPs have received widespread public attention. SCCPs were even included in Annex E of the Stockholm Convention by the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Review Committee as a POP candidate in 2008 (UNEP/POPS/POPRC.3/ 20, 2008) since these properties are quite similar to those of legacy POPs (Poremski et al, 2001).…”

Distribution and congener profiles of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in indoor/outdoor glass window surface films and their film-air partitioning in Beijing, China

“…Commercial CP mixtures can be divided into different categories based on their carbon chain length: short-chain (SCCPs, C 10 -C 13 ), medium-chain (C 14 -C 17 ), and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (C 20 -C 30 ) (Muir et al, 2000). Among them, SC-CPs draw more attention because of their higher adverse effects (Tomy et al, 1998;Feo et al, 2009;De Boer, 2010) on the environment and human health and their potential to bioaccumulate and travel throughout the atmosphere (Krogseth et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2014). These contaminants have been included in regulatory programs from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the European Union (ECD, 2000) and now are candidates to be classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention.…”

Chlorination pattern effect on thermodynamic parameters and environmental degradability for C 10 -SCCPs: Quantum chemical calculation based on virtual combinational library

“…Specifically, the annual CP production in China rapidly increased from a few thousand tonnes in 1990 to 600 kilotonne in 2007 (Fiedler, 2010), and SCCPs were detected in urban soils of Shanghai, terrestrial bird species inhabiting South China and some dietary products collected in China (Cao et al, 2015;Luo et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2014). In recent decades, more attention has been paid to SCCPs due to their potential capacity of long-range transport, persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation and toxicity to organisms (Cooley et al, 2001;Ma et al, 2014;Reth et al, 2006;Wania, 2003). However, the inherent mixture nature of SCCPs makes it rather difficult to explore the environmental behavior of individual SCCPs (Sverko et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2013a).…”