Occurrence and Genetic Characteristics of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i> and <i>Cryptosporidium andersoni</i> in Horses from Southwestern China

Deng, Lei; Li, Wei; Zhong, Zhijun; Gong, Chao; Cao, Xuefeng; Shi, Yuan; Wang, Wuyou; Xiao-hong, Huang; Liu, Xuehan; Hu, Yanchun; Fu, Hualin; He, Min; Ya, Wang; Zhang, Yue; Wu, Kui; Peng, Guangneng

doi:10.1111/jeu.12399

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…C. andersoni is actually the most common Cryptosporidium species responsible for cattle cryptosporidiosis in yearlings and adults. Recently, with the establishment of the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) tool used for subtyping C. andersoni [74], the MLST subtypes and population genetic structure of C. andersoni from animals have been analyzed, including those from cattle, sheep, horses, golden takins, monkeys, camels, ostriches, and hamsters [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. These MLST data of animal-derived C. andersoni isolates will be helpful in the future for source attribution of infection/contamination of C. andersoni and to understand its transmission dynamics in humans.…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

et al. 2020

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Background Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging infectious disease of public health significance worldwide. The burden of disease caused by Cryptosporidium varies between and within countries/ areas. To have a comprehensive understanding of epidemiological status and characteristics of human Cryptosporidium infection in China since the first report in 1987, a retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted by presenting differences in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium by province, year, population, living environment and season and possible transmission routes and risk factors as well as genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium in humans. Methodology/Principal findings A systematic search was conducted to obtain epidemiological papers of human Cryptosporidium infection/cryptosporidiosis from PubMed and Chinese databases. Finally, 164 papers were included in our analysis. At least 200,054 people from 27 provinces were involved in investigational studies of Cryptosporidium, with an average prevalence of 2.97%. The prevalence changed slightly over time. Variable prevalences were observed: 0.65-11.15% by province, 1.89-47.79% by population, 1.77-12.87% and 0-3.70% in rural and urban areas, respectively. The prevalence peak occurred in summer or autumn. Indirect person-to-person transmission was documented in one outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a pediatric hospital. 263 Cryptosporidium isolates were obtained, and seven Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. hominis (48.3%), C. andersoni (22.43%), C. parvum (16.7%), C. meleagridis (8.36%), C. felis (3.04%), C. canis (0.76%) and C. suis (0.38%).

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Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

et al. 2020

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“…This was substantiated recently by multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis of C. ubiquitum isolates (Tang et al, 2016 ). An MLST tool has also been developed for C. andersoni and C. muris (Feng et al, 2011a ), and used by Chinese scientists in population genetic characterizations of gastric Cryptosporidium species in various areas (Wang et al, 2012 ; Zhao et al, 2013 , 2014 ; Du et al, 2015 ; Zhao G. H. et al, 2015 ; Qi et al, 2016 ; Deng et al, 2017 ). It was shown that while the population structure of C. andersoni was clonal in Shaanxi and Heilongjiang provinces (Zhao et al, 2013 , 2014 ), it was epidemic in Xinjiang and other regions (Wang et al, 2012 ; Qi et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiologic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is a recent development in China (Chen and Huang, 2007 ; Wang et al, 2008a , b , c ), genotyping and subtyping tools are now widely used in the characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in various animals (Karim et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2014a , b , 2015a , b ; Ma et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Qi et al, 2014 , 2015a , b , d , 2016 ; Wang L. et al, 2014 ; Ye et al, 2014 ; Zhao et al, 2014 ; Du et al, 2015 ; Li J. et al, 2015 , 2017 ; Liu A. et al, 2015 ; Li W. et al, 2015 , 2017 ; Qi, M. Z., et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2015a , b ; Zhang et al, 2015a , b ; Zhao G. H. et al, 2015 ; Zhao Z. et al, 2015 ; Jian et al, 2016 ; Li F. et al, 2016 ; Li P. et al, 2016 ; Li Q. et al, 2016 ; Peng et al, 2016 ; Taylan-Ozkan et al, 2016 ; Xu et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2016 ; Zhang S. et al, 2016 ; Deng et al, 2017 ; Gong et al, 2017 ; Zou et al, 2017 ). The use of molecular diagnostic tools in prevalence studies has led to the identification of significant differences in the transmission of Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiologic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis in China

2017

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Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis is an active research area in China. The use of genotyping and subtyping tools in prevalence studies has led to the identification of unique characteristics of Cryptosporidium infections in humans and animals. Human cryptosporidiosis in China is exemplified by the high diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. at species and subtype levels, with dominant C. hominis and C. parvum subtypes being rarely detected in other countries. Similarly, preweaned dairy calves, lambs, and goat kids are mostly infected with non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species (C. bovis in calves and C. xiaoi in lambs and goat kids), with C. parvum starting to appear in dairy calves as a consequence of concentrated animal feeding operations. The latter Cryptosporidium species is dominated by IId subtypes, with IIa subtypes largely absent from the country. Unlike elsewhere, rodents in China appear to be commonly infected with C. parvum IId subtypes, with identical subtypes being found in these animals, calves, other livestock, and humans. In addition to cattle, pigs and chickens appear to be significant contributors to Cryptosporidium contamination in drinking water sources, as reflected by the frequent detection of C. suis, C. baileyi, and C. meleagridis in water samples. Chinese scientists have also made significant contributions to the development of new molecular epidemiological tools for Cryptosporidium spp. and improvements in our understanding of the mechanism involved in the emergence of hyper-transmissible and virulent C. hominis and C. parvum subtypes. Despite this progress, coordinated research efforts should be made to address changes in Cryptosporidium transmission because of rapid economic development in China and to prevent the introduction and spread of virulent and zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in farm animals.

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“…Although C. andersoni is widely considered a cattlespecific Cryptosporidium species, it's occurrence in other animals and humans is increasing [18,19]. To date, C. andersoni has been detected in cattle, yaks, sheep, goats, deer, rodents, houses, non-human primates, camels, and giant pandas [18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Contrasting with its occasional detection in other animals, C. andersoni is the common Cryptosporidium species in cattle, which appear its natural host [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Heilongjiang and Fujian provinces of China

et al. 2020

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Background: Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are two important pathogens with zoonotic potential that cause enteric infections in a wide range of hosts, including humans. Both are transmitted from animals to humans by direct contact or through contaminated equipment. Bears are frequently found in Chinese zoos as ornamental animals as well as farmed as commercial animals, and are therefore in close contact with zoo-or farmkeepers, but the prevalence and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi in bears is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to provide data on the occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi in Asiatic black bears from Heilongjiang and Fujian, China. From May 2015 to December 2017, 218 fresh fecal specimens were collected from captive Asiatic black bears in Heilongjiang (n = 36) and Fujian (n = 182), China. Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi were examined by PCR amplification of the partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, respectively. C. andersoni-positive isolates were subtyped through PCR analysis of the four minisatellite/microsatellite (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS16) loci. Results: The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and E. bieneusi were 2.4% (4/218) and 6.4% (14/218), respectively, with 2.8% (1/36) and 22.2% (8/36) in the Heilongjiang Province, and 1.6% (3/182) and 3.3% (6/182) in the Fujian Province. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium species: C. andersoni (n = 3) and a genotype termed Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 1). All three identified C. andersoni belonged to the MLST subtype A4, A4, A4, A1. Two known E. bieneusi genotypes D (n = 4) and SC02 (n = 10) were identified, both of which belong to zoonotic Group 1. Conclusions: This is the first report of C. andersoni and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV in bears. The discovery of the zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi genotype D in bears highlights its significant zoonotic potential and potential threat to human health.

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Occurrence and Genetic Characteristics of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium andersoni in Horses from Southwestern China

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptosporidiosis in China

Prevalence and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Heilongjiang and Fujian provinces of China

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