Occurrence and Geographic Distribution of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Citrus in Morocco and Their Interaction with Soil Patterns

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are found in citrus plantations throughout the world, but they are considered to be the most problematic pest in Morocco. Citrus fruit quality and yield have been adversely affected by PPNs. Due to data unavailability of nematodes associated with citrus, a detailed survey was conducted in the main citrus-growing regions of Morocco during 2020–2021 to assess the occurrence, distribution, and diversity of PPNs associated with rhizospheres of citrus trees. In addition, some soil properties have also been assessed for their impact on soil properties. Plant-parasitic nematode diversity was calculated using two ecological indexes, the Shannon diversity index (H′) and the Evenness index (E). The collected soil and root samples were analyzed, and eleven genera and ten species of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified. The results show that the most predominant PPN species were Tylenchulus semipenetrans (88%), Helicotylenchus spp. (75%), Pratylenchus spp. (47%), Tylenchus spp. (51%), and Xiphinema spp. (31%). The results showed that PPN distributions were correlated with soil physicochemical properties such as soil texture, pH levels, and mineral content. Based on the obtained result, it was concluded that besides the direct effects of the host plant, physicochemical factors of the soil could greatly affect PPN communities in citrus growing orchards.

Nematode assemblages, food web indices and metabolic footprints in maize-pigeon pea agro-ecosystems

“…There was a positive correlation between Cu and Fe with abundance of Xiphinema, contrary to reports by Wang et al (2004). However, Zoubi et al (2022) reported a positive relationship between the abundance of Xiphinema and Fe.…”

“…(2004). However, Zoubi et al. (2022) reported a positive relationship between the abundance of Xiphinema and Fe.…”

Flutuação populacional de Meloidogyne e Pratylenchus em campos cultivados com diferentes variedades de cana-de-açúcar em áreas de estados do nordeste do Brasil

“…No presente estudo as densidades de As características do solo, como a textura, podem influenciar a predisposição das plantas ao ataque do patógeno, bem como interferir diretamente no patógeno. Assim, estas podem influenciar na incidência e na severidade da doença causada pelo nematoide (Zoubi et al, 2022).…”

Research Advances in the Plant–Nematode Interaction

“…Their study also highlighted that the types of host plant was closely related to the occurrence of PPNs. Zoubi et al [ 3 ] conducted a detailed survey about the occurrence, distribution, and diversity of PPNs in the main citrus tree-growing regions of Morocco between the years 2020 and 2021. Their results suggested that the predominant PPN species in citrus roots and soil were Tylenchulus semipenetrans (88%), Helicotylenchus spp.…”