Occurrence and host specificity of a neogregarine protozoan in four milkweed butterfly hosts (Danaus spp.)

Barriga, Paola A.; Sternberg, Eleanore D.; Lefèvre, Thierry; Roode, Jacobus C. de; Altizer, Sonia

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2016.09.003

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ophryocystis elektroscirrha is a protozoan parasite that infects D. g. thersippus. Ophryocytis infection rate was 10% and 50% on the scales of adult D. gilippus from Florida in experiments [140,141]. A major cause of mortality in reared i. gilippus is a highly contagious polyhedral virus [136].…”

Section: Predators Parasites and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Western Queen Butterfly Danaus gilippus thersippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts

Saul-Gershenz

Grodsky

Hernandez

2020

Insects

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The purpose of this study was to assess the ecological knowledge surrounding the western queen butterfly, Danaus gilippus thersippus (H. Bates). Specifically, our objectives were to synthesize existing data and knowledge on the ecology of the queen and use results of this assessment to inform the direction of future research on this understudied species. We identified six core areas for assessment: distribution, the biodiversity of plant resources, western queen and their host plant phenology, chemical ecology, and four key life history traits. We mapped the distribution of D. g. thersippus from museum specimen records, citizen science (e.g., iNaturalist) and image sharing app-based observations, along with other observational data enumerating all current known plant resources and long-range movements. We assembled 14 larval food plants, six pyrrolizidine alkaloids plants and six nectar plants distributed in the western Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the United States and Baja California. We report on its phenology and its long-range movement. Butterfly species have declined across the western US, and western monarch populations have declined by 97%. Danaus g. thersippus has received little research attention compared with its famous congener D. plexippus L. Danaus g. thersippus’ desert distribution may be at its temperature limits for the species distribution and for its rare host plant Asclepias nyctaginifolia.

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Section: Predators Parasites and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the Western Queen Butterfly Danaus gilippus thersippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts

Saul-Gershenz

Grodsky

Hernandez

2020

Insects

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“…The protozoan parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE), infects monarchs throughout Australia, Central and South America (Altizer et al, 2000), and Hawaii (Pierce et al, 2014b). Infection rates averaged 35% in Hawaii (range: 4-85%; Pierce et al, 2014b), with Australian infection rates averaging between under 10 and almost 66% (Altizer et al, 2000;Barriga et al, 2016). These average rates of OE infection are lower than those observed in the non-migratory population in southern Florida (75-100%), but higher than average rates in the eastern (<10%) and western (5-30%) North American monarch populations (Altizer and de Roode, 2015).…”

Section: Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butterflies Across the Globe: A Synthesis of the Current Status and Characteristics of Monarch (Danaus plexippus) Populations Worldwide

2019

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Recent declines in the migratory North American populations of monarchs (Danaus plexippus) have necessitated efforts to evaluate the current status of the species, including worldwide populations. While monarchs originate from North America and may be ancestrally migratory, they have expanded throughout many parts of the world over the past 200 years. Most of these newer populations no longer migrate and face a variety of threats across a wide range of habitats, but we lack a comprehensive review of locations and characteristics of these worldwide populations. We thus delineated the current range of monarchs and their status throughout the world, recording over 90 countries, islands, and island groups where monarchs occur (74 with recent documented sightings) and known features of these populations. We discuss the major differences between these populations, focusing on morphology, migration, overwintering, natural enemies, larval diet, and genetics. The differences documented here provide the species with adaptive capacity, thus better allowing the species to adapt to novel changes in its environment. We end with a discussion of current gaps in our understanding of monarchs worldwide and directions for future research.

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“…Ophryocystis elektroscirrha is a neogregarine protozoan parasite specialized on monarch butterflies (Barriga et al, 2016) and was first described in 1970 (McLaughlin and Myers, 1970). Neogregarines are members of the phylum Apicomplexa, a group of obligate unicellular parasites which include the widely-studied parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma spp., and Plasmodium spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Diet Affects the Morphology of Monarch Butterfly Parasites

Hoang

Tao

Hunter

et al. 2017

Journal of Parasitology

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Occurrence and host specificity of a neogregarine protozoan in four milkweed butterfly hosts (Danaus spp.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Ecology of the Western Queen Butterfly Danaus gilippus thersippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts

Ecology of the Western Queen Butterfly Danaus gilippus thersippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts

Butterflies Across the Globe: A Synthesis of the Current Status and Characteristics of Monarch (Danaus plexippus) Populations Worldwide

Host Diet Affects the Morphology of Monarch Butterfly Parasites

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