Occurrence and identification of microplastics in tap water from China

Tong, Huiyan; Jiang, Qianyi; Hu, Xingshuai; Zhong, Xiaocong

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126493

Cited by 306 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…During the second-level screening, the full papers were scrutinized, and 112 studies were removed with reasons (S1 Appendix) and seven were included. When the searches were rerun, five more studies were included after the first and second level screening (Fig 1), resulting in 12 studies [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] finally included in this systematic review.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the studies used different techniques to extract particles from their samples. One study used FTIR [61], three studies used m-FTIR [62,67,70], one study used RM [68], four used m-RM [63,65,66,69], one both FTIR and RM [60], one used both m-FTIR and m-RM [64] and one SEM-EDX [71] to identify the composition of the extracted particles. Ten of the studies reported the results by MP particles per volume, one provides only the range of MP content and one the frequency of occurrence.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shruti et al [66] used water from a variety of sources but the majority came from local aquifers. Strand et al [67], Tong et al [68] and Zhang et al [70] did not provide information on the origin of the water. It is reasonable to assume that water quality before it entered the WTP would vary and directly affect the quality of the water after processing [8].…”

Section: Tap Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four of the studies [64,66,68,70] provided the necessary data to attempt a meta-analysis. In order to test whether the results were appropriate for meta-analysis, the statistical heterogeneity was measured using a Higgins I 2 test [72], calculated using R (version 3.6.0) [73], executing all analysis via RStudio, (version 1.2.1335) [74], and using the additional packages meta (version 4.9-7) [75], metaphor (version 2.1-0) [76], dmetar [77], robvis [78] and ggplot2 [79].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

2020

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Background Microplastics (MPs) are omnipresent in the environment, including the human food chain; a likely important contributor to human exposure is drinking water. Objective To undertake a systematic review of MP contamination of drinking water and estimate quantitative exposures. Methods The protocol for the systematic review employed has been published in PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2019, Registration number: CRD42019145290). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from launch to the 3rd of June 2020, selecting studies that used procedural blank samples and a validated method for particle composition analysis. Studies were reviewed within a narrative analysis. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used. Results 12 studies were included in the review: six of tap water (TW) and six of bottled water (BW). Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to high statistical heterogeneity (I 2 >95%). Seven studies were rated low RoB and all confirmed MP contamination of drinking water. The most common polymers identified in samples were polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), Methodological variability was observed throughout the experimental protocols. For example, the minimum size of particles extracted and analysed, which varied from 1 to 100 μm, was seen to be critical in the data reported. The maximum reported MP contamination was 628 MPs/L for TW and 4889 MPs/L for BW, detected in European samples. Based on typical consumption data, this may be extrapolated to a maximum yearly human adult uptake of 458,000 MPs for TW and 3,569,000 MPs for BW.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tap Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

2020

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“…Microplastics (MPs) have been identified in the environment in varying concentrations and compositions. MPs are found in sea water [1][2][3], sediments [4,5], soil [6,7], the atmosphere [8,9], as well as in food [10,11] and drinking water [12][13][14]. Therefore, MPs appear to be abundantly present in the environment and humans are constantly exposed to them.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant ubiquitous in the environment. There is growing concern regarding potential human health effects, a major human exposure route being dietary uptake. We have undertaken a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to identify all relevant research on MP contamination of salt intended for human consumption. Three thousand nine hundred and nineteen papers were identified, with ten fitting the inclusion criteria. A search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, from launch date to September 2020, was conducted. MP contamination of salt varied significantly between four origins, sea salt 0–1674 MPs/kg, lake salt 8–462 MPs/kg, rock and well salt 0–204 MPs/kg. The majority of samples were found to be contaminated by MPs. Corresponding potential human exposures are estimated to be 0–6110 MPs per year (for all origins), confirming salt as a carrier of MPs. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies, with studies demonstrating moderate to low RoB. These results suggest that a series of recurring issues need to be addressed in future research regarding sampling, analysis and reporting to improve confidence in research findings.

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