Occurrence and Location of Exocrine Glands in Some Social Vespidae (Hymenoptera)1

Landolt, Peter J.; Akre, Roger D.

doi:10.1093/aesa/72.1.141

Cited by 51 publications

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“…In contrast, only 12 glands were located in two aged and 17 preusurpation, summer parasites since the sixth sternal and endostipal glands were absent. The head glands, except for the hypopharyngeal, were comparable in size to those of V. acadica and other vespines (Landolt and Akre 1979). The two distinct clusters of cells of the hypopharyngeal gland were nearly in contact with each other in the center of the suboral plate of the labrum-epipharynx (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…89 the I/. rufa species group, and V. squamosa, but is absent in queens of Dolichovespula and the V. vulgaris group (Landolt and Akre 1979). The seventh sternal gland and associated brush are present and well developed in both species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The same gland was found to be enlarged in the facultative social parasite V. squamosa, as it was ca. 0.2 mm wide and 6 mm long (Landolt and Akre 1979). However, the most well developed Dufour's gland is found in the other Nearctic vespine inquiline, D. arctica.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Dissections were conducted using a binocular dissecting microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer. Gland size and conditon were compared with previous measurements (Landolt and Akre 1979). In a few cases, exocrine glands were inspected in freshly killed specimens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The length and midline width of the first gastral tergum were also determined in dorsal view. (Landolt and Akre 1979). Dissections were conducted using a binocular dissecting microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Comparisons Between the Obligate Social Parasite, Vespula Austriaca(Panzer), and its Host, Vespula Acadica (Sladen) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Reed¹,

Akre²

1982

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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INTRODUCTIONObligate social parasites (inquilines) show a vast array of behavioral and morphological adaptations to their unique mode of life (Wilson 1971). The hazards of colony invasion, usurpation, and subsequent subjugation of members of the host colony (queen and/or workers) require special features in order to overcome colony defenses and to become integrated within the host's society. Not only do these species have adaptations for colony takeover, but they also lack certain social characteristics, the most notable being the absence of a worker caste.Such traits are exemplified in the workerless ant inquiline, Teleutomvrmex schneideri Kutter, that has enlarged tarsal claws and a gaster with a concave venter which enables this parasite to ride on the dorsum of its host (Wilson 197 l). Among the parasitic bumble bees (Psith'rus spp.) a number of characteristics, such as strong development of the sting and exoskeleton, are adapted for successful colony takeover, while other social traits, such as a pollencollecting apparatus on the hind leg, are lacking (Alford 1975 MATERIALS AND METHODSSeven external body parts were measured in pinned specimens of the host queen and parasite using a dissecting microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer. These characters have been commonly used in other biometrical studies of vespid wasps (Blackith 1958, Eck 1979, Eickwort 1969. Specimens were obtained from local collecting sites (Reed 1982) and from several North American entomological museums (Acknowledgements). Measurements of the interocular distance, mesonotal length, hind tibial length, and forewing length followed the description and diagrams of Eck (1979). Also, the length of the front femur was measured from the base to the apex in the same manner as the hind tibial length, while the width was taken at its widest point. Head width was measured in dorsal aspect, behind the eyes along the vertex, and between the upper edges of the genae. The mesonotal length was measured along the midline from the anterior prescutal suture to the posterior transscutal suture. The length and midline width of the first gastral tergum were also determined in dorsal view.Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the sting apparatus of the host and three parasite species were prepared. Dissected stings were 1982] Reed & Akre Vespula austraica and V. acadica 185 dehydrated in 100% ethanol, critical point dried, and then coated with gold. Photographs of femora and Dufour's glands, which had been preserved in ethanol, were taken using conventional macrophotographic techniques.Exocrine glands and certain other internal features (e.g., ovaries, ganglia) were examined in specimens preserved for dissection by injecting Kahle's solution under an anterior abdominal tergum until the gaster swelled. Specimens were subsequently stored in 70%ethanol. Seven V. acadica queens and 19 V. austriaca females were examined to establish the occurrence and size of the 14 known vespine glands (Landolt and Akre 1979). Dissections were conducted using a binoc...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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