Occurrence and migration of organophosphite and organophosphate esters into food simulants from single-use food packaging in China

Establishment of an Integrated Nontarget and Suspect Screening Workflow for Organophosphate Diesters (Di-OPEs) and Identification of Seven Previously Unknown Di-OPEs in Food Contact Plastics

“…Recent studies have identified the presence of both tri-OPEs and several di-OPEs in foodstuffs. ,, It has been suspected by numerous researchers that food packaging could be an important source of tri-OPE contamination in food. − This is corroborated by our previous study, which found 28 tri-OPEs in food contact materials and further demonstrated the migration of some tri-OPEs into food simulants . Given the information from the PubChem database, which suggests that certain di-OPEs can be used directly as additives in polymeric materials or can result from the degradation of tri-OPEs, there exists the potential for di-OPE contamination during food packaging processes .…”

Convenient Self-Heating Instant Food Causes Significant Increasing Human Exposure to Organophosphate Esters

“…24 In a survey of single-use food packaging materials, TPhP (106 ng/g), TEP (30.8), CDPP (6.06), TBOEP (2.67), TEHP (1.91), and TnBP (0.76) were found as major OPE compounds. 25 During the SHLB preparation process, the high temperature (120 °C) and direct contact may result in OPEs' migration from the plastic box to HF. Generally, plastic packaged foods seldom need preparation at such a high temperature, which makes the SHLB exposure pathway unique and important.…”

“…19,24 Investigations into paper and plastic packages indicated that these packing materials had high levels of OPEs. 18,25 Migration studies have confirmed that OPEs can release from single-use food packaging into food simulants, suggesting it to be an important contamination source. 25 Moreover, significant higher OPE levels were observed in the processed foods than in the nonprocessed foods.…”

“…18,25 Migration studies have confirmed that OPEs can release from single-use food packaging into food simulants, suggesting it to be an important contamination source. 25 Moreover, significant higher OPE levels were observed in the processed foods than in the nonprocessed foods. 21 While the exact sources have not been fully elucidated, the introduction of OPEs through contact with storage packaging and foodprocessing equipment and tools has been suggested as a potential route.…”

Occurrence and Release of Organophosphite Antioxidants and Novel Organophosphate Esters from Plastic Food Packaging

“…Two kinds of plastic containers (PP and PE) commonly used in daily life were selected for the simulation migration experiment to compare the migration efficiencies of OPAs and OPEs in different food simulants because the migration efficiency of plastic additives to different materials of food may have significant differences. 25 According to EU Standard, methanol, 3% acetic acid, and 0.001 mol/L NaOH was used as oily simulants, acidic simulants, and alkaline simulants, respectively. 26 The plastic lunch boxes with a weight of 27.1 ± 1.6 g were added 50 mL of food simulants and placed in an oscillator at 25 °C and 150 rpm for 2 weeks.…”