Occurrence and partitioning of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor air and dust: a 15-month case study in a test home

Guo, Jiaqi; Li, Yongfeng; Liu, Liyan; Huo, Chun-Yan; Sun, Yujiao; Ma, Wan–Li; Zhang, Zi-Feng; Li, Yifan

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09788-9

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 68 publications

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“…Several novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have been introduced and are now widely used as replacements for restricted-use or banned PBDEs. − Unfortunately, some of these NBFRs show POPs-like attributes similar to those of the PBDEs that they are meant to replace, and the newer compounds are ubiquitous in various environmental media. − Researchers have made many efforts to evaluate the human risks of NBFRs in road dust, indoor dust, indoor/outdoor air, and other environmental media. − To our knowledge, no researchers have proposed a method to predict the health risks associated with the intake of NBFRs, notably risks posed on the basis of airborne particle size distribution. Here, we (1) present the concentrations of atmospheric NBFRs (in TSP, size-segregated particles and the gas phase) and their monitored intakes by inhalation; (2) develop a new size-resolved G/P partitioning equation for NBFRs based on particle size; (3) use this new equation to predict the size-dependent intake of particulate NBFRs by inhalation; and (4) discuss the effects of some parameters on the intake of NBFRs by inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach to Predicting the Size-Dependent Inhalation Intake of Particulate Novel Brominated Flame Retardants

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The risk of human exposure to particulate novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in the atmosphere has received increasing attention from scientists and the public, but currently, there is no reliable approach to predict the intake of these compounds on the basis of their size distribution. Here, we develop a reliable approach to predict the size-dependent inhalation intake of particulate NBFRs, based on the gas/particle (G/P) partitioning behavior of the NBFRs. We analyzed the concentrations of eight NBFRs in 363 size-segregated particulate samples and 99 paired samples of gaseous and bulk particles. Using these data, we developed an equation to predict the G/P partitioning quotients of NBFRs in particles in different size ranges (K Pi ) based on particle size. This equation was then successfully applied to predict the size-dependent inhalation intake of particulate NBFRs in combination with an inhalation exposure model. This new approach provides the first demonstration of the effects of the temperature-dependent octanol–air partitioning coefficient (K OA) and total suspended particle concentration (TSP) on the intake of particulate NBFRs by inhalation. In an illustrative case where TSP = 100 μg m–3, inhalation intake of particulate NBFRs exceeded the intake of gaseous NBFRs when log K OA > 11.4.

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