Occurrence and profile characteristics of environmental phenols in human urine from a rural area in Northwestern China

Hua, Liting; Liu, Wu; Liu, Yarui; Yang, Ming–Hsuan; Wang, Beibei; Zhu, Hongkai; Zhu, Lin; Yao, Yingming; Zhang, Yuqin; Zhao, Hongzhi

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120405

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The DF of EtP in this study was approximately 80%, which is comparatively lower than that reported in studies conducted in Wuhan, Jingyuan County, Wuxi, and Taishun (where the DF of EtP was close to 100%) [29,38,43]. This discrepancy may be attributed to the relatively low usage of PCPs such as creams, body washes, and hand soaps among rural populations [29,38,43]. Compared with studies conducted in foreign countries, our results were roughly similar to those from the United States, Denmark, and Germany [11,37].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…The reason for this may be the low frequency of use of foods and personal care products containing parabens, etc., in rural Chinese populations [29,[40][41][42]. The DF of EtP in this study was approximately 80%, which is comparatively lower than that reported in studies conducted in Wuhan, Jingyuan County, Wuxi, and Taishun (where the DF of EtP was close to 100%) [29,38,43]. This discrepancy may be attributed to the relatively low usage of PCPs such as creams, body washes, and hand soaps among rural populations [29,38,43].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Although the concentration of MeP (median: 0.444 ng/mL) was 5-6 times higher than those of other parabens, it was also much lower than the concentration of MeP in plasma in Malaysians (mean: 7.7 ng/mL) and in plasma in pregnant Indian women (median: 13.18 ng/mL) [6,39]. The reason for this may be the low frequency of use of foods and personal care products containing parabens, etc., in rural Chinese populations [29,[40][41][42]. The DF of EtP in this study was approximately 80%, which is comparatively lower than that reported in studies conducted in Wuhan, Jingyuan County, Wuxi, and Taishun (where the DF of EtP was close to 100%) [29,38,43].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…However, there are limited studies related to their exposure for rural populations in China. Moreover, with the accelerated urbanization in China, people in rural areas may be increasingly exposed to pollutants [29]. Considering this along with the limited medical resources and poor awareness of protection in rural populations, it is necessary to obtain information on exposure to parabens and alkylphenols in rural Chinese populations to better prevent the health damage caused by paraben and alkylphenol exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…China has a relatively large rural population [29], and there are fewer data on the exposure of rural populations to environmental pollutants, especially in central China. Therefore, in order to address the gap in this area, we organized this survey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure Profile and Characteristics of Parabens and Alkylphenols in Plasma among Rural Adults in Central China

Gao,

Huan,

Song

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Parabens and alkylphenols pose serious hazards to human health, yet there are few studies on their exposure profiles and health risks in rural Chinese populations. In this study, 804 participants were selected from the Henan Rural Cohort in mid-eastern China. The plasma levels of parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben (BuP)) and alkylphenols (4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP)) were analyzed via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Linear regression models were used to investigate factors that may influence pollutant exposure levels. The correlation between contaminants was assessed using Spearman’s correlation. The human contaminant intake was estimated using the estimated daily intake (EDI). The health risk was assessed using the hazard quotient (HQ). The detection frequency of four parabens and two alkylphenols exceeded 75%, with median concentrations of 0.444, 0.067, 0.078, 0.053, 8.810, and 6.401 ng/mL, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between parabens, as well as between 4-t-BP and 4-t-OP. Regarding gender, paraben concentrations were higher in women than in men, except for BuP. The EDI for pollutants except 4-t-OP was lower than their respective tolerable/acceptable daily intake. In total, 85.70% of participants had 4-t-OP HQ > 1. A widespread exposure to parabens and alkylphenols among the rural population was found. The high health risks of alkylphenol exposure indicate that alkylphenols should be used with caution.

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