Occurrence and risk evaluation of organochlorine contaminants in surface water along the course of Swartkops and Sundays River Estuaries, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Olisah, Chijioke; Adeniji, Abiodun Olagoke; Okoh, Omobola O.; Okoh, Anthony I.

doi:10.1007/s10653-019-00336-0

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The literature has recently reported the presence of several priority pesticides, most of them classified as EDPs in aquatic environments [24,[34][35][36]38,48,49]. Table 3 summarizes the results obtained in the present study with 20 surface water samples in terms of frequency of detection, minimum, maximum, and mean values detected.…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Contamination, due to multiclass pesticides, has been reported in different countries, indeed recently, e.g., in surface water samples [24], and sediments [25]. In Portugal, several studies about the presence of these priority pesticides, resulting from the different sources, were reported in food [26,27], soils [28], sediments [29][30][31][32], marine samples [33], rivers waters [34][35][36][37][38], and Small Public Water Supply Systems [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS

et al. 2021

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A multiresidue analytical methodology based on a solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT/MS), has been developed for trace analysis of 20 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The SPME conditions are optimized considering several key parameters to obtain the maximum sensitivity. After the optimization, the method validation is performed, and the limits of detection (ranged from 2–150 ng/L) and the coefficient of determination (above 0.990) of studied compounds are determined for all the analytes. A robust sampling of twenty sampling points of surface water samples from the north and center of Portugal is performed, and the validated methodology is applied. In total, 20 compounds from four chemical families (13 organochlorine, 1 organophosphorus, 2 dicarboximide, and 4 pyrethroids) are studied, and the pesticides most frequently detected are eight organochlorine pesticides (α-, β-HCHs, lindane, HCB, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, α-endosulfan), cypermethrin, and vinclozolin.

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Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS

et al. 2021

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“…Hence, BDE-66 was not quanti ed in the water samples because it did not give a satisfactory recovery for water. LOD and LOQ (Table S1) were calculated using 3.3 (Sy/S) and 10 (Sy/S), respectively (Ibrahim et al, 2018;Olisah et al, 2019). The instrument's precision, estimated as the relative standard deviation (RSD) was estimated from 8 replicate injections of a middle level calibration standard (30 µg/L) in accordance with standard methods, (Caruso and Santoro, 2014).…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher conductivity brings about warmer water (Olisah et al, 2019), and consequently lower concentration due to degradation. From this study, the concentration of PBDEs in water was higher in spring than in summer because spring season had lower conductivity value than summer.…”

Section: Impact Of Physicochemical Parameters On Concentrations Of Pbdes In Nahoon Estuarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Water and Sediment of Nahoon River Estuary, South Africa

Ohoro

Adeniji

Semerjian

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The concentrations, potential sources, and compositional profile of PBDEs in the surface water and sediment of Nahoon Estuary, East London, South Africa, were investigated with solid-phase extraction and ultra-sonication, respectively, followed by gas-chromatography-electron capture detection. The seasonal range of the contaminants’ concentrations in water and sediment samples in spring season were ƩPBDE 329 ± 48.3 ng/L (25.32–785 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 4.19 ± 0.35 ng/g dw (1.91–6.57 ng/g), but ƩPBDE 62.1 ± 1.50 ng/L (30.1–110 ng/L) and ƩPBDE 65.4 ± 15.9 ng/g dw (1.98–235 ng/g) in summer, respectively. NH1 (first sampling point) was the most contaminated site with PBDE in the Estuary. The potential source of pollution is attributed to the stormwater runoff from a creek emptying directly into the Estuary. This study's dominant PBDE congener is BDE- 17, ranging from below detection limit to 247 ng/L and 0.14–32.1 ng/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. Most commonly detected at all the sites were BDE- 17, 47, 66, and 100. Most BDE- 153 and 183 are found in sediment in agreement with the fact that higher brominated congeners of PBDE adsorb to solid materials. There was no correlation between the congeners and organic carbon and organic matter. However, the human health risk assessment conducted revealed that the PBDE concentration detected in the estuary pose low eco-toxicological risk. Nevertheless, constant monitoring should be ensured to see that the river remains safe for all the users, as it serves as a form of recreation to the public and a catchment to some neighbourhoods around the river.

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“…Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a group of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have found vast applications in chemical industries and agriculture to mitigate, destroy and control pests including weeds and vectors of human and animal diseases that affect production, processing and storage of agricultural produce because of their versatility (Olisah et al, 2019b). The widespread distribution of OCPs in one form or the other through practices in agriculture and public health programs has posed negative impacts on human health through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact and this has become a key concern over the years (Akinnifesi et al, 2006;Oyekunle et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Drinking Groundwater

Oyekunle

Adegunwa

Ore

2021

Preprint

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Groundwater samples of Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were investigated for their organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) levels. Probable sources of the OCPs and health risks associated with their consumption along with the water were determined in order to establish the potability of the groundwater samples. Quantitative determination of the OCPs was carried out by Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) after liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane (DCM). Results indicated that all the analyzed OCPs except p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethane were detected with high concentrations in the groundwater. Hepachlor (14.60±3.60 µg/L) and methoxychlor (12.60±2.20 µg/L) showed dominant concentrations that were higher than 0.02 ng/L maximum residue levels (MRLs) recommended by the European Union. Levels of the OCPs in the samples followed the decreasing trend: cyclodienes > diclorophehylethanes > chlorinated cyclohexanes, while the predominant source of the analyzed pesticides could be ascribed to aerial transportation from fresh applications in homes within the community. The carcinogenic health risk assessment also revealed consistent higher values of HQ and CR in children as opposed to adults, indicating that children are the more vulnerable population to the analyzed environmental contaminants.

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Occurrence and risk evaluation of organochlorine contaminants in surface water along the course of Swartkops and Sundays River Estuaries, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Cited by 44 publications

References 105 publications

Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS

Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Water and Sediment of Nahoon River Estuary, South Africa

Distribution, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Drinking Groundwater

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