Occurrence and seasonality of pharmaceutical compounds in urban wastewaters in two Portuguese regions

Abstract

Table S1. Mass spectrometer conditions used for PhC analysis by LC-MS/MS using the acidic method Compound Ionization mode tRwindow (individual tR,) (min) MRM transition Precursor ion -Product ion Collisione nergy (eV) MRM1/MRM2 ratio (CV (%))

A look to surface water and wastewaters in Beira Baixa, Portugal: wastewater treatment plants and environmental risk

“…In Portuguese reported studies, caffeine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac were consistently identified as the PhACs found in the highest concentrations in wastewaters influents. [8][9][10]35 These results are consistent, in some cases slightly higher, with those previously reported in influent of other Portuguese WWTPs by other authors [8][9][10]34,36 and other European studies. 23,[37][38][39][40] The remaining PhACs showed median concentration values between 0.005 μg L −1 (testosterone) and 0.58 μg L −1 (azithromycin).…”

“…This profile is quite similar to the influents of WWTPs of Évora District, Beirolas WWTP and Faro WWTP with higher detection frequencies for PhACs of NSAIDs, analgesic, and beta-blockers therapeutical groups. 8,10 In effluents, the occurrence profile of PhACs was different from those obtained in the WWTPs influents. The most representative PhACs were diclofenac, carbamazepine, and caffeine with positive samples equal or higher than 90% and a median concentration of 1.1 μg L −1 , 0.28 μg L −1 , and 0.12 μg L −1 , respectively.…”

“…Research has shown that the elimination of some PhACs during WWTP processes is relatively low, and some of them exhibit recalcitrant properties. [8][9][10] In previously published work, 8 the authors analysed the PhACs in influents, effluents, and surrounding surface waters of five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the Évora district in Portugal. As stated, this region is frequently affected by drought and therefore, the objectives of that study were to determine the quality (regarding selected PhACs concentrations) of those samples, assess the impact of effluents in receiving water bodies, and determine whether wastewaters could be safe to use to reverse drought in streams and rivers.…”

Characterization of Five Portuguese Wastewater Treatment Plants: Removal Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Active Compounds through Conventional Treatment Processes and Environmental Risk

“…The median concentrations of acetaminophen were much higher than those found in other WWTP influents in Portugal [23,[34][35][36] and in Europe [8]. The obtained values for this PhAC were double than the median concentration in influents of the two biggest WWTPs in Portugal, Beirolas WWTP and Faro WWTP [26]. In these reported studies, caffeine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac were consistently identified as the PhACs found in the highest concentrations in wastewater influents.…”

“…Regarding mass spectrometer conditions, two transitions (product ion) were determined for each compound, one for quantification (MRM1), and another for confirmation (MRM2), except for ibuprofen (IBUP), which only has one identifiable transition. Further details of the optimized chromatographic conditions and on the optimized mass spectrometer conditions are described in [24,26].…”