Occurrence and significance of mono-, di- and anhydrosaccharide biomolecules in Mesozoic and Cenozoic lignites and fossil wood

Marynowski, Leszek; Bucha, Michał; Smolarek, Justyna; Wendorff, Małgorzata; Simoneit, Bernd R.T.

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.11.008

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The second group was Miocene lignites from the Konin area, central Poland (Jóźwin IIB -52°25′41.10"N; 18°10′10.20″E and Drzewce mines) and the Jaroszów mine (50°59′39.00"N; 16°27′31.50″E), SW Poland. These coals have a low maturity (huminite reflectance for the Konin coals is between 0.16 and 0.22% R r ; Fabiańska and Kurkiewicz, 2013), and the xylites have an abundant (holo)cellulose content (Bechtel et al, 2007;Fabbri et al, 2009;Marynowski et al, 2018). Two xylite samples and two detritic coals were selected.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tricarballylic (1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic) acid was identified in two TOC-rich samples (Rc9B and Rc10BW). The Miocene lignites have very low maturities and the details were described by Marynowski et al (2018).…”

Section: General Geochemical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…white rot fungi, will degrade lignin relative to carbohydrates (Robertson et al, 2008). Most recently Marynowski et al (2018) identified elevated levels of trehalose and mannitol in some Miocene detritic coals and xylites, and preliminarily interpreted them as fungal biomarkers. The presence of these compounds in the Late Cretaceous samples as major saccharides (Figs.…”

Section: Origin Of Mannitol Trehalose and Other Saccharides In Sedimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palacas et al, 1960;Swain et al, 1970). Only recently Marynowski et al (2018) identified primary α-and β-glucose in a Middle Jurassic fossil wood and over a dozen mono-and disaccharides in Miocene detritic lignites and xylites. The disaccharides occurrence (sucrose and trehalose) is especially of interest, because this shows that the glycosidic bond between saccharide monomers can survive for millions of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of saccharides in the geological record is not clear. It is likely, that glucose found in Mesozoic wood and sedimentary rocks could be a remnant of cellulose degradation (Rybicki et al, 2017;Marynowski et al, 2018). Other mono-and disaccharides from Miocene lignites can be degradation products of biopolymers such as hemicellulose and cellulose, but would potentially also occur as free sugars preserved in xylites and detritic coals (Marynowski et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trehalose, mannitol and arabitol as indicators of fungal metabolism in Late Cretaceous and Miocene deposits

Marynowski

Goryl

Bucha

et al. 2019

International Journal of Coal Geology

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A B S T R A C TTrehalose, mannitol and arabitol are the main saccharides of extant fungal metabolism, but their occurrence and distribution in geological materials have rarely been considered. Here, we identify these sugars in Miocene lignites and for the first time in Late Cretaceous mudstones and coals. The co-occurrence of trehalose, mannitol and arabitol in the sedimentary rocks investigated suggests their fungal origin, because these three saccharides are major compounds present in most modern fungi, including the very common mycorrhizal and wood-rotting groups. Therefore, we conclude that these sugars should be treated as new fungal biomarkers (biomolecules) present in geological rocks. Trehalose and mannitol are major compounds in total extracts of the samples and a sum of their concentration reaches 4.6 μg/g of sample. The arabitol concentrations do not exceed 0.5 μg/g, but in contrast to trehalose, the concentration correlates well with mannitol (R 2 = 0.94), suggesting that they have the same, translocatory role in fungi. Based on the trehalose vs. mannitol and arabitol distributions in Cretaceous samples and their comparison with data for modern fungi, we preliminarily conclude that the coal seams from the Rakowice Małe (SW Poland) section were formed during warmer climatic periods than the overlying sediments. Furthermore, no DNA could be isolated from the samples of lignites and overlying sediments, whereas it was abundant in the control samples of maple, birch and oak wood degraded by fungi. This indicates an absence of recent fungi responsible for decay in lignites and implies that the saccharide origin is connected with ancient fungi.Other sugar alcohols and acids like D-pinitol, quinic acid and shikimic acid, were found for the first time in sedimentary rocks, and their source is inferred to be from higher plants, most likely conifers. The preservation of mono-and disaccharides of fungal origins in pre-Palaeogene strata implies that compounds previously thought as unstable can survive for tens to hundreds of millions of years without structural changes in immature rocks unaffected by secondary processes.Saccharides, ubiquitous biomolecules in both plant and animal kingdoms, are common in marine and terrestrial environments (Klok et al.

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