Occurrence and temporal trends of industrial antioxidants and UV absorbents in the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)

Occurrence, Fate, Human Exposure, and Toxicity of Commercial Photoinitiators

“…In a nationwide survey of PIs in sewage sludge in China, 21 PIs were detected with a median concentration of 317 ng/g in samples collected from 20 provinces, indicating ubiquitous contamination of PIs across China . There was no clear geographic trend in PI concentrations, and BP (median: 121 ng/g) was the dominant congener, consistent with the compositional profiles in food packaging materials. , Although data of PIs in biota samples are limited, as the dominant congener in most environmental samples, BP has been detected in beluga whale and fishes (lake sturgeon and northern pike) from St. Lawrence River in Canada. , A previous study investigated the partition of BP, founding that BP tends to accumulate more in suspended particles than sediment, indicating that gill uptake and ingestion of waterborne suspended particles could be a vital exposure pathway of BP for fishes . Besides, BP has also been detected in seabird (Black-legged kittiwakes) eggs from Canadian Arctic …”

“…5,6 Although data of PIs in biota samples are limited, as the dominant congener in most environmental samples, BP has been detected in beluga whale and fishes (lake sturgeon and northern pike) from St. Lawrence River in Canada. 80,81 A previous study investigated the partition of BP, founding that BP tends to accumulate more in suspended particles than sediment, indicating that gill uptake and ingestion of waterborne suspended particles could be a vital exposure pathway of BP for fishes. 81 Besides, BP has also been detected in seabird (Black-legged kittiwakes) eggs from Canadian Arctic.…”

“…80,81 A previous study investigated the partition of BP, founding that BP tends to accumulate more in suspended particles than sediment, indicating that gill uptake and ingestion of waterborne suspended particles could be a vital exposure pathway of BP for fishes. 81 Besides, BP has also been detected in seabird (Black-legged kittiwakes) eggs from Canadian Arctic. 82 4.2.2.…”

Unexpected Exposure Risks to Emerging Aromatic Amine Antioxidants and p-Phenylenediamine Quinones to Residents: Evidence from External and Internal Exposure as Well as Hepatotoxicity Evaluation

“…Growing evidence indicates that AAs are extensively detected in various abiotic and biotic matrixes worldwide, including urban runoff, , dust, ,,− air particles, ,,− sewage, , fish, − and marine mammals. , Furthermore, the adverse effects have been reported for several widely adopted AAs, such as PPDs and DPAs. , For instance, Matsumoto et al discovered the reproductive and developmental toxicity of DPPD in rats . In addition, PPD-quinones (PPD-Qs), which originate from the oxidative transformation of PPDs, have gained increasing scientific attention over recent years. − Specifically, 6PPD-quinone, the transformation product of N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD), was most recently established as a toxicant responsible for acute mortality in the Pacific Northwest coho salmon. − Although the aquatic toxicity of PPD-Qs is becoming clear, their exposure and adverse impacts on mammals and humans remain largely obscure.…”

“…18−21 Growing evidence indicates that AAs are extensively detected in various abiotic and biotic matrixes worldwide, including urban runoff, 22,23 dust, 7,19,24−27 air particles, 19,24,28−30 sewage, 31,32 fish, 32−34 and marine mammals. 35,36 Furthermore, the adverse effects have been reported for several widely adopted AAs, such as PPDs and DPAs. 37,38 For instance, Matsumoto et al discovered the reproductive and developmental toxicity of DPPD in rats.…”