Occurrence and Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in European Drinking Waters in Relation with the HIWATE Epidemiology Study

Jeong, Clara H.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Siebert, Vince; Anduri, Sridevi; Richardson, Susan D.; Daiber, Eric J.; McKague, A. Bruce; Kogevinas, Manolis; Villanueva, Cristina M.; Goslan, Emma H.; Luo, Wentai; Isabelle, Lorne M.; Pankow, James F.; Gražulevičienė, Regina; Cordier, Sylvaine; Edwards, SJ; Righi, Elena; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Plewa, Michael J.

doi:10.1021/es3024226

Cited by 160 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The same pattern was also observed in both Salmonella, and in new human cell data (Attene-Ramos et al, 2010;Escobar-Hoyos et al, 2013). This epidemiology and toxicology research suggest that adverse human health effects, particularly adverse pregnancy outcomes and bladder cancer, are associated with the presence and elevated concentration of brominated DBPs Swan et al, 1998;Villanueva et al, 2004;Jeong et al, 2012;Rivera-Nunez and Wright, 2013). Despite these adverse health effects, no systematic investigation has been taken to elucidate the formation and speciation of DBPs and the toxicity of seawater desalinated waters and blended waters.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Desalinated Watersmentioning

confidence: 70%

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

2015

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Due to increased freshwater demand across the globe, seawater desalination has become the technology of choice in augmenting water supplies in many parts of the world. The use of chemical disinfection is necessary in desalination plants for pre-treatment to control both biofouling as well as the post-disinfection of desalinated water. Although chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant in desalination plants, its reaction with organic matter produces various disinfection by-products (DBPs) (e.g., trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs], and haloacetonitriles [HANs]), and some DBPs are regulated in many countries due to their potential risks to public health. To reduce the formation of chlorinated DBPs, alternative oxidants (disinfectants) such as chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and ozone can be considered, but they also produce other types of DBPs. In addition, due to high levels of bromide and iodide concentrations in seawater, highly cytotoxic and genotoxic DBP species (i.e., brominated and iodinated DBPs) may form in distribution systems, especially when desalinated water is blended with other source waters having higher levels of organic matter. This article reviews the knowledge accumulated in the last few decades on DBP formation during seawater desalination, and summarizes in detail, the occurrence of DBPs in various thermal and membrane plants involving different desalination processes. The review also identifies the current challenges and future research needs for controlling DBP formation in seawater desalination plants and to reduce the potential toxicity of desalinated water.

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Section: Toxicity Of Desalinated Watersmentioning

confidence: 70%

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

2015

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“…In the Health Impacts of Long-Term Exposure to Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water (HIWATE) program, 95 DBPs were identified among 11 water samples from several cities in Europe. We found a correlation between the number of DBPs in the water samples and the induction of cytotoxicity in mammalian cells (74). Both cytotoxicity ( Figure 5A) and genomic DNA damage ( Figure 5B) demonstrated a positive association with the relative DBP concentration for each HIWATE water sample.…”

Section: Definition Of Dbp Exposure In Selected Waters With High Toximentioning

confidence: 82%

Charting a New Path To Resolve the Adverse Health Effects of DBPs

Plewa

Wagner

2015

ACS Symposium Series

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The disinfection of drinking water was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20 th century. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are the unintended consequence of reactions between disinfectants with organic and halide precursors in the source water. Exposure to DBPs is associated with unfavorable health effects from cancer induction to adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet the forcing agents responsible are largely unknown. Of over 600 DBPs identified, only 11 are regulated by the U.S. EPA and in many studies these are not the most toxic DBPs. Identified DBPs represent less than half of the total organic halogen in drinking water and onlỹ 80 DBPs have been evaluated by systematic quantitative toxicological analyses. Epidemiological studies are hampered by problems with exposure metrics and the suite of DBPs present in drinking water. Although the last decade experienced increased interdisciplinary collaborations amongst chemists, biologists, epidemiologists and engineers, resolving the risks of DBPs follows a dated paradigm. A new integrated approach is required to determine the contaminants in source and drinking waters that increase health risks and to provide the foundation for novel disinfection practices. We suggest the following areas in resolving adverse health effects of DBPs: 1) identification and occurrence of emerging DBPs especially iodinated-DBPs and nitrogenous-DBPs, 2) quantitative, comparative in vitro Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products Downloaded from pubs.acs.org by 117.54.10.54 on 09/30/15. For personal use only.toxicology of DBPs and DBP classes, 3) a nationwide analysis on the toxicity of drinking waters, 4) determining the impact of DBP precursors and mixture effects on water toxicity, 5) understanding the molecular mechanisms of DBP toxicity, 6) identification of sensitive subpopulations to DBP toxicity, 7) employment of analytical chemistry and toxicity information as an essential part of epidemiological studies, and 8) engineering research on disinfection based on toxic outcomes.

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“…Global indicators of toxicity (cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, etc. ), combined with chemical analysis of disinfection by-products, have recently been used to address the complex nature of DBP mixtures [32,33]. However, observational studies in humans still lack methods to address these complexities, and there have been few attempts that have demonstrated a clear improvement over traditional evaluations [34].…”

Section: Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Disinfection By-products and Associated Health Effects

Villanueva

Cordier²,

Font-Ribera

et al. 2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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The presence of chemical compounds formed as disinfection by-products (DBPs) is widespread in developed countries, and virtually whole populations are exposed to these chemicals through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption from drinking water and swimming pools. Epidemiological evidence has shown a consistent association between long-term exposure to trihalomethanes and the risk of bladder cancer, although the causal nature of the association is not conclusive. Evidence concerning other cancer sites is insufficient or mixed. Numerous studies have evaluated reproductive implications, including sperm quality, time to pregnancy, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy outcomes such as fetal loss, fetal growth, preterm delivery, and congenital malformation. The body of evidence suggests only minor effects from high exposure during pregnancy on fetal growth indices such as small for gestational age (SGA) at birth. Populations highly exposed to swimming pools such as pool workers and professional swimmers show a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma, respectively, although the direction of the association, and thus causality, is not clear among professional swimmers. The risk of asthma, wheezing, eczema, and other respiratory outcomes among children attending swimming pools has been the object of extensive research. Early studies suggested a positive association, while subsequent larger studies found no correlations or showed a protective association. Future research should develop methods to evaluate the effects of the DBP mixture and the interaction with personal characteristics (e.g., genetics, lifestyle), clarify the association between swimming pools and respiratory health, evaluate the occurrence of DBPs in lowand middle-income countries, and evaluate outcomes suggested by animal studies that have not been considered in epidemiological investigations.

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Occurrence and Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in European Drinking Waters in Relation with the HIWATE Epidemiology Study

Cited by 160 publications

References 48 publications

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

Charting a New Path To Resolve the Adverse Health Effects of DBPs

Overview of Disinfection By-products and Associated Health Effects

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