Occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of pharmaceutically active compounds in Taihu Lake, China

Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of carbamazepine and other pharmaceuticals in fish under field and controlled laboratory experiments. Evidences of carbamazepine metabolization by fish

“…The estimated CBZ BAFs for G. affinis were 208 L kg −1 in S1 (wet season), 43 and 50 L kg −1 in S2 during dry and wet seasons, respectively (Table S3). These BAFs are within the range of already reported values in fish of freshwater resources impacted by WWTPs, ranging from 2.5 to 264 L kg −1 (Garcia et al, 2012;Zenker et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2015). In our current work, we did not observe either CBZ or its metabolites (except for 2-OH-CBZ during wet season) in wild J. multidentata, reinforcing the concept of different uptake and/or biotransformation pathways for different fish species.…”

“…14% is in the form of metabolites, and the rest remains as the parent compound (Cunningham et al, 2010). The accumulation of CBZ has been reported in periphyton, algae, zooplankton, invertebrates, fish and birds organs/tissues in both field monitoring and laboratory experiments (Ramirez et al, 2007;Ramirez et al, 2009;Lajeunesse et al, 2009;Vernouillet et al, 2010;Wille et al, 2011;Du et al, 2012;Garcia et al, 2012;Huerta et al, 2013;Klosterhaus et al, 2013;Martínez Bueno et al, 2013;Wang and Gardinali, 2013;Almeida et al, 2014;Du et al, 2014;Tanoue et al, 2014;Álvarez-Muñoz et al, 2015;Almeida et al, 2015;Boillot et al, 2015;Freitas et al, 2015a;Freitas et al, 2015b;Tanoue et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2015;Freitas et al, 2016;Moreno-González et al, 2016). However, to our knowledge, only one study has investigated the presence of CBZ metabolites in biota (marine mussels), experimentally exposed to CBZ (Boillot et al, 2015).…”

“…Recent studies have revealed residues of psychiatric drugs, analgesics and anti-inflammatories, β-blockers, antiplatelet agents, pharmaceuticals for asthma treatment, for high blood pressure, antihistaminic, lipid regulators, antibiotics and contraceptives in fish and invertebrates captured downstream from WWTPs, indicating that these compounds tend to accumulate in the biota (Brooks et al, 2005;Chu and Metcalfe, 2007;Ramirez et al, 2009;Wille et al, 2011;Du et al, 2012;Huerta et al, 2013;Du et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Ruhí et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2015;Moreno-González et al, 2016). It has been proposed that bioaccumulation should be regarded as a hazard criterion itself, since some effects may only be recognized in a later phase of life, have multi-generation effects, or are manifested only in higher members of a food-web (van der Oost et al, 2003).…”

Antibiotic Pollution in Marine Food Webs in Laizhou Bay, North China: Trophodynamics and Human Exposure Implication

“…To account for lipid effects on δ 13 C, all δ 13 C values were adjusted for the C/N ratios as follows: 16 $${\delta }^{13}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{\text{adjusted}}}={\delta }^{13}\mathrm{normalC}-3.32+0.99\times \mathrm{normalC}/\mathrm{normalN}$$Trophic level of a consumer ( TL consumer ) was calculated using the following equation: $${\mathit{\text{TL}}}_{\mathrm{\text{consumer}}}=false({\delta }^{15}{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{\text{consumer}}}-{\delta }^{15}{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{\text{baseline}}}false)/\mathrm{normal\Delta }N+{\mathit{\text{TL}}}_{\mathrm{\text{baseline}}}$$where Δ N is the enrichment factor of 3.8‰ representing the increase in δ 15 N from one TL to the next; 17,18 TL baseline is the trophic level of the baseline indicator. In the present study, northern maoxia shrimp ( Acetes chinensis ) was selected as the baseline indicator and assigned to TL = 2 according to previous studies.…”

Since 2015 the SinoGerman research project SIGN supports water quality improvement in the Taihu region, China

“…Improper handling of sewage and manure is one important cause of nitrate pollution [9]. Furthermore, a large number of organo chemicals from different sources can be detected such as pesticides from agriculture [10], pharmaceuticals from the surrounding cities [11] and perfluorinated compounds from industrial production and use [12]. Another water quality issue is the occurrence of unwanted microbes such as bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes [13, 14].…”