Occurrence, detection and removal of amoxicillin in wastewater: A review

Recent advances in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using metal oxides and carbonaceous materials as photocatalysts: a review

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In addition, the wide application of pharmaceuticals in daily life for the treatment of complex diseases is also the major contributor of emerging contaminants, with potential adverse effects on humans and the aquatic environment. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The presence of these pharmaceutical pollutants could lead to cancers, severe bleeding, organ damage, birth defects, reproductive disorders, endocrine disorders, and mild to severe toxic effects in human beings in the global population. 14 The toxic effects are also threats to mammals, other organisms, and the ecosystem.…”

“…Therefore, heterogeneous photocatalysis has been receiving considerable attention as one of the most attractive, low-cost, efficient and outstanding approaches in the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants. 19–55 In this regard, a considerable amount of research interest has focused mostly on TiO 2 and to some extent on other semiconducting materials and transition metal oxides as photocatalysts in the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants in water. 23–39 The choice of semiconducting metal oxides as photocatalysts is motivated by the availability of a renewable energy source (solar energy) and the generation of non-toxic degradation products (chemicals and gases).…”

“…According to the available literature, several reviews have been published focusing on metal oxides, 23–30 TiO 2 , 31–33 ZnO-based photocatalysts, 34 semiconductors, 35 doped TiO 2 , 36 hybrids, 37 TiO 2 –carbon dot nanocomposites, 38 plasmonic metal–TiO 2 composites, 39 carbonaceous/carbon-based materials, 40,41 g-C 3 N 4 , 42 MWCNT, 43 carbon dots, 38,44 activated carbon, 45 graphene-based composites, 46–48 graphene–TiO 2 and doped graphene–TiO 2 nanocomposites, 49 graphene-based materials, 50 and nanomaterial-based heterogeneous photocatalysts 51 as photocatalysts for the treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceuticals. Alternatively, several review articles have reported on the photodegradation of antibiotic contaminants in water, such as amoxicillin, 21 ibuprofen, 22 tetracycline, 52,54 ciprofloxacin, 53,54 and norfloxacin 54 antibiotics in wastewater and several others, which are referred to in section 3. However, there is still a need for an extensive review article in this field, covering in a single window a larger number of pharmaceutical pollutant photocatalysts for their photocatalytic performance.…”

Water Purification Using Choline-Amino Acid Ionic Liquids: Removal of Amoxicillin

“…One of the most prescribed antibiotics in the world is amoxicillin, which belongs to the β-lactam family . This active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is frequently used to treat bacterial skin infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections . Given the widely reported presence of this antibiotic in wastewater, it is included in the European Surface Water Watch List, under the European Union Water Framework Directive (Decision 2022/1307).…”

Multifunctional ternary ZnMgFe LDH as an efficient adsorbent for ceftriaxone sodium and antimicrobial agent: sustainability of adsorption waste as a catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation

“…Adsorption can be defined as the accumulation of a pollutant (adsorbate) onto the surface of adsorbents for the purpose of separation from a medium. 3 Several conventional and nano-adsorbents have been recognized as considerable candidates for the separation of PEPs from wastewater samples. One of the promising 2D nano-adsorbents under investigation is layered double hydroxides (LDHs).…”