Occurrence, diagnosis and management of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis: An updated literature review

Abstract

Background: Hepatic fi brosis and cirrhosis, characterized with signifi cant morbidity and mortality, have always been worldwide health care problems. Objective: This manuscript is aimed at providing a research progress overview of hepatic fi brosis and cirrhosis. Method: Online search for articles published in years from 2009 to 2019 with "hepatic fi brosis", "cirrhosis", "therapy", "liver disease" and "hepatitis" as keywords. The adopted database involves PubMed, MIDLINE, Google Scholar, CNKI and EMBASE. Result: This review summarizes the latest fi ndings about pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapies of hepatic fi brosis and cirrhosis, and describes their application prospect and future research directions, providing references to some extent for fellow academics.

Water-Soluble Pristine C60 Fullerenes Inhibit Liver Fibrotic Alteration and Prevent Liver Cirrhosis in Rats

“…Liver fibrosis is an "excessive" healing with the formation of an excess amount of connective tissue incorporated into the liver parenchyma. This process is accompanied by extracellular matrix overproduction and/or its incomplete degradation [3]. The liver chronic injury is the trigger of fibrogenesis.…”

Therapy that Targets Growth Factor Receptors: Novel Approach for Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

“…FGF family includes 7 subfamilies of growth factors (1,4,8,9,10,11,19) and four isoforms of their receptors (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4), and all of them are involved in liver injury and regeneration. There is coordinated regulation of FGFR activation and FGFs secretion during liver injury and subsequent healing: hepatocyte-derived FGFs activate FGFRs on HSCs, and FGFs produced by HSCs activate FGFRs on hepatocytes [38].…”

“…The trigger of fibrogenesis is chronic injury accompanied by an inflammatory component, which causes the activation and expansion of mesenchymal cells (including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells) and increased synthesis of ECM molecules, predominantly collagen. Cells involved into the inflammation actively produce soluble factors like pro-inflammatory cytokines, endothelins, growth factors, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which also promote fibrogenesis [1,2]. The final stage of organ's fibrosis is cirrhosis -the irreversible replacement of a significant part of that by connective tissue, which leads to the organ's failure.…”

Recurrent hepatic encephalopathy precipitated by urinary tract infection in patient with liver cirrhosis: a case report

“…Various causes of chronic liver injury such as autoimmune destruction of hepatocyte, alcohol consumption, metabolic diseases, drugs, and viral hepatitis may precede liver cirrhosis. 1 Liver cirrhosis histologically appeared as formation of diffuse regenerative nodule separated by fibrous septae and distortion of vascular architecture with parenchymal extinction and liver structure collapse. 1,2 Liver cirrhosis was stated to be responsible for more than 1.32 million deaths per year worldwide, contributing to 2.4% of total deaths globally in 2017.…”

“…1 Liver cirrhosis histologically appeared as formation of diffuse regenerative nodule separated by fibrous septae and distortion of vascular architecture with parenchymal extinction and liver structure collapse. 1,2 Liver cirrhosis was stated to be responsible for more than 1.32 million deaths per year worldwide, contributing to 2.4% of total deaths globally in 2017. 3 Liver cirrhosis is associated with several life-threatening complications.…”