Occurrence, distribution and pattern analysis of methicillin resistant (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus on fomites in public facilities

Jaradat, Ziad W.; Khwaileh, Maysoon; Mousa, Waseem Al; Ababneh, Qutaiba; Nabulsi, Anas Al

doi:10.1080/20477724.2021.1906563

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This appears in accordance with other studies which reported the presence of non‐multidrug resistance often associated with CA‐MRSA rather than HA‐MRSA (Groom et al, 2001; Naimi et al, 2003). Interestingly, these results contradict our previous findings where the isolated MRSA from the same environment were less resistant to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (Jaradat et al, 2021), which could be due to differences in the sampled surfaces or the emergence of new MRSA strains in this same environment. A number of antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR, including tetK , tetM , msrA , msrB and drfG and dfrA .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Higher MRSA prevalence was reported by other studies, including 20.5% from a university campus in Thailand, 8.4% from surface swabs samples from a dental school clinic (Roberts, Soge, Horst, et al, 2011), 11.8% from student dorms (Roberts et al, 2013), 5.9% (9/152) from a health‐associated and non‐health‐associated buildings at a large university (Thapaliya et al, 2017), as well as 10.0% and 31.0% from wrestling and football locker rooms, respectively (Oller et al, 2010). In Jordan, Jaradat and colleagues reported a prevalence of MRSA of 5% in surface samples collected from the same university under this study in 2011 (Jaradat et al, 2021). This difference in the prevalence of MRSA among these studies may be attributed to differences in study design, study population, types of surfaces included in these studies, surface sampling procedures, sample processing methods and sampling seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Previous studies reported the detection of MRSA in restrooms samples collected from student dorms, university campuses and secondary schools (Jaradat et al, 2021; Roberts et al, 2013; Roberts, Soge, Horst, et al, 2011; Roberts, Soge, No, et al, 2011; Thapaliya et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2020). In the current study, we focused on the areas in the restrooms that are touched frequently by hands, like faucet handles and sink countertops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination of high-touched surfaces in a university campus

Ababneh

Jaradat

Khanfar

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) is a public and occupational health concern, both in community and healthcare settings. In recent years, communityacquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) has emerged as a major causative agent of infections in individuals with no health care exposure or any of the classical risk factors associated with infections. Environmental surfaces frequently touched by hands play a role in the transmission of CA-MRSA, where inanimate objects are considered potential reservoirs and the source of MRSA infections. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of MRSA on environmental surfaces inside a university campus. Methods and Results:A total of 1078 high-touch surface samples were collected from door handles, light switches, desks, keyboards and restroom surfaces. MRSA isolates were identified and confirmed by PCR, utilizing the Staph. aureus nuc and mecA genes. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concertation methods. In addition, the ability to form biofilms was investigated by the 96-well plate microdilution technique. PCR assays were performed to detect enterotoxin and antibiotic-resistant genes. The genetic diversity of MRSA was determined through multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), spa and agr typing methods. The overall contamination of Staph. aureus and MRSA was 14.6% (157/1078) and 2.8% (30/1078), respectively. The highest rate of MRSA contamination was detected in restroom sinks and door handles. All MRSA isolates were MDR, with the highest resistance observed was against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.Most MRSA isolates (29/30, 97%) carried at least one gene encoding for staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), with 10 different SE genotypes were observed. A total of 16 different spa types were detected among the 30 MRSA isolates. Multi-locus sequence typing revealed that 21 MRSA isolates belonged to eight known sequence types (ST), while nine isolates were novel strains. The most detected ST and spa types were ST22 and t223, respectively. Agr types I and III were represented in 28 out of the 30 isolates. The majority of the isolates carried SCCmec type IV, but only one isolate was positive for PVL. Conclusions:Our findings signify the potential of the high-touch surfaces in harbouring and transmitting MRSA to campus staff and students. Thus, the implementation of effective prevention measures outside the healthcare setting is needed to reduce the risk of acquiring CA-MRSA infections.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination of high-touched surfaces in a university campus

Ababneh

Jaradat

Khanfar

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These isolates were characterized as non‐MDRs but had different biofilm formation capacities and belonged to different STs as well. Many studies have investigated the contamination of shopping cart handles with pathogenic bacteria and coliforms (Al‐Ghamdi et al, 2011; Mizumachi et al, 2011; Gerba & Maxwell, 2012; Fawzi I. Fawzi et al, 2014; Carrascosa et al, 2019; Calle et al, 2020; Jaradat et al, 2021), but none of them described the isolation of A. baumannii from these surfaces. These handles are considered as high touch surfaces, and thus contribute to the spread of pathogens among shoppers and in the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urban environments

Ababneh

Laila

Jaradat

2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial pathogen that has been isolated from different clinical sources. This pathogen also causes communityacquired infections, with mortality rates as high as 64%. The exact natural habitat of this bacterium is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of A. baumannii in diverse soil and high-touch surface samples collected from a university campus, malls, parks, hypermarkets and produce markets, roundabout playground slides and bank ATMs. Methods and Results: All obtained isolates were characterized for their antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation capacities, and were typed by multi-locus sequence analysis. A total of 63 A. baumannii isolates were recovered, along with 46 Acinetobacter pittii and 8 Acinetobacter nosocomialis isolates. Sequence typing revealed that 25 A. baumannii isolates are novel strains. Toilets and sink washing basins were the most contaminated surfaces, accounting for almost 50% of the isolates. A number of A. baumannii (n = 10), A. pittii (n = 19) and A. nosocomialis (n = 5) isolates were recovered from handles of shopping carts and baskets. The majority of isolates were strong biofilm formers and 4 isolates exhibited a multi-drug resistant phenotype. Conclusions:Our study is the first to highlight community restrooms and shopping carts as potential reservoirs for pathogenic Acinetobacter species. Further studies are required to identify the reasons associated with the occurrence of A. baumannii inside restrooms. Proper disinfection of community environmental surfaces and spreading awareness about the importance of hand hygiene may prevent the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria within the community.Significance and Impact of the study: Serious gaps remain in our knowledge of how A. baumannii spreads to cause disease. This study will advance our understanding of how this pathogen spreads between healthcare and community environments.

show abstract

“…Despite enhanced preventive measures and surveillance, MRSA remains an enduring challenge in Jordanian healthcare settings. Limited published reports exist to unveil the genotypes of MRSA in Jordan, indicating a significant gap in our understanding of the specific genetic characteristics of circulating strains [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Alzoubi et al (2014) investigated 210 nasal swabs from children aged 6-11 years and predominantly identified SCCmec type IV, with t223 as the primary spa type [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Genomic Characterization of a spa Type t4407 ST6-SCCmec Type IVa Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Al-Karak Hospital, Jordan

Gaber,

TumAllah,

AbdelAllah

et al. 2024

Medicina

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major concern in Jordanian hospitals in terms of infection control. The purpose of this study was to identify the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from surfaces of critical locations within the Al-Karak Governmental Hospital in 2019. Additionally, the study aimed to conduct whole-genome sequencing on the isolates. Materials and Methods: In February 2019, fourteen S. aureus strains were isolated from surfaces in critical sites in the Al-Karak Governmental Hospital. These isolates underwent antibiogram testing to determine their resistance profile. Genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform was applied to the extracted DNA from these isolates. The genomic data, including coding sequences, were analyzed to identify lineage, resistance genes, and plasmids. Results: The antibiogram results revealed that 11 of the 14 isolates were resistant to oxacillin, 6 to linezolid, and 1 to rifampicin, while none showed resistance to chloramphenicol. Eleven isolates were identified as MRSA, with a novel spa type (t4407) not previously reported in Jordan. High-quality sequencing data were obtained for only one isolate, i.e., A29, the genome showed 2,789,641 bp with a 32.7% GC content and contained 2650 coding sequences. Genomic analysis indicated the ST6 lineage, mecA gene (SCCmec type IVa(2B)), and a hybrid plasmid (pJOR_blaZ) carrying the blaZ gene for β-lactam resistance. Genomic data were deposited in NCBI (CP104989). The A29 genome closely resembled an MRSA genome isolated from a Danish hospital in 2011. The SNP analysis revealed identical antimicrobial resistance genes in these two genomes. Conclusions: This study unveils the first genomic sequence of an MRSA isolate from Jordan, marked by distinctive genotypic traits. The findings enhance our understanding of the MRSA types circulating in Jordan and the region and substantiate the phenomenon of intercontinental MRSA transmission.

show abstract

Occurrence, distribution and pattern analysis of methicillin resistant (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus on fomites in public facilities

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination of high-touched surfaces in a university campus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination of high-touched surfaces in a university campus

Prevalence, genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urban environments

Emergence and Genomic Characterization of a spa Type t4407 ST6-SCCmec Type IVa Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Al-Karak Hospital, Jordan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About