Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of antibiotics in the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China

Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in river water in Hong Kong

“…The levels of the sulfonamides detected were compared to the levels found in other countries. The concentration of SMZ in the river water (n.d-580.4 ng/L) was the same as in the Huangpu (2.1-623.3 ng/L, Jiang et al, 2011;19.9-389.4 ng/L, Chen and Zhou, 2014), urban surface waters of Beijing in China (n.d-123 ng/L, Li et al, 2015) and Pearl Rivers in China (n.d-1080 ng/L, Yang et al, 2011), and slightly higher than in the Yangtze Estuary in China (0.53-89.1 ng/L, Yan et al, 2013), the Ebro River in Spain (2.5-65.2 ng/L, García-Galán et al, 2011), and stream water in North America (n.d-120 ng/L, Kolpin et al, 2002). The concentrations of the other target sulfonamides, including SMX (n.d-3.1 ng/L), SD (n.d-14.8 ng/L), and SP (n.d-3.2 ng/L), were lower than in other river waters in China and in countries such as Beijing (China) , North America (Kolpin et al, 2002), Spain (García-Galán et al, 2011;Boleda et al, 2013;Mendoza et al, 2015), France (Tamtam et al, 2008), and Australia (Watkinson et al, 2009) (Table 2).…”

“…The concentrations of DO (n.d-82.2 ng/L) were found to be comparable to those in the Huangpu River (n.d-113.9 ng/L, Jiang et al, 2011;n.d-54.3 ng/L, Chen and Zhou, 2014), Chaohu in China (n.d-42.3 ng/L, Tang et al, 2015) and in stream water in North America (n.d-110 ng/L, Kolpin et al, 2002), but were higher than those in the Ebro River (2.5-65.2 ng/L, García-Galán et al, 2011), the Yangtze River (n.d-2.4 ng/L, Yan et al, 2013), and the Pearl River (0.19-13.69 ng/L, Yang et al, 2011). DO has a low degradation potential in the environment and is easily disposed of in soil or sediment (Kolpin et al, 2002;Andreozzi et al, 2003).…”

“…Some of the antibiotics, such as sulfonamides which are hydrolytically stable, hard to degrade in water and easy to be transported, are found in larger amounts in groundwater and surface water (Boxall et al, 2002;Stoob et al, 2007). Antibiotics, together with their degradation and metabolic products have been detected in many environmental compartments, including surface water (Tang et al, 2015), river water (Tamtam et al, 2008;Jiang et al, 2011;Li et al, 2015), seawater (Minh et al, 2009;Zou et al, 2011), municipal sewage (Li et al, 2009;Lindberg et al, 2010), sludge (Göbel et al, 2005;Lindberg et al, 2010), soil (Christian et al, 2003), sediment (Pei et al, 2006), groundwater (Standley et al, 2008;Fick et al, 2009;Teijon et al, 2010;López-Serna et al, 2013), and even drinking water (Yiruhan et al, 2010).…”

Occurrence and ecological hazard assessment of selected antibiotics in the surface waters in and around Lake Honghu, China

“…These high-intensive usages of antibiotics plus the relatively low sewage treatment rate may lead to a high contamination level in China in comparison with the other areas in the world . Thus, the antibiotic occurrence and ecological hazards evaluation in the surface waters in China has been of great concern (Jiang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2015;Deng et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2016;Yao et al, 2017;Ma et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2017). However, these studies mainly focused on rivers; moreover, the antibiotic information on lakes in China is still limited, even with Lake Taihu, Chaohu, and Baiyangdian having been studied (Cheng et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2014;Tang et al, 2015).…”

Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in urban soil in Beijing and Shanghai, China

“…Several studies have documented that antibiotics are not completely metabolized in the body and thus are excreted as the unchanged or transformed components into environment via urine and feces (Jjemba 2002;Kümmerer 2009;Sarmah et al 2006). Antibiotics have been detected in various environments, such as surface water (Jiang et al 2011;Tamtam et al 2008;Zou et al 2011), ground water and drinking water (Hu et al 2010;Watkinson et al 2009;Yiruhan et al 2010), sediment (Kim and Carlson 2007;Luo et al 2011;Zhou et al 2011), soil (Golet et al 2002;Hu et al 2010;Shi et al 2012;Tamtam et al 2011), and biological samples Love et al 2011;Zhao et al 2010).…”