Occurrence of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in edible oils in the United States

MacMahon, Shaun; Begley, Timothy H.; Diachenko, Gregory W.

doi:10.1080/19440049.2013.840805

Cited by 125 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…W literaturze przedmiotu analizowane są warunki powstawania 3-MCPD i dane dotyczące zawartości 3-MCPD i jego estrów w takich produktach, jak: oleje roślinne [47,80], pieczywo i produkty zbożowe [20,33], ciasta [30 -32], smażone produkty ziemniaczane [38,82], kawa [19], substytuty kawy i ekstrakty słodowe [18], śmietanki do kawy [41], żywność dla niemowląt i dla dzieci [83]. Na uwagę zasługują krajowe prace zespołu z Narodowego Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego [26,68] dotyczące zawartości estrów MCPD w artykułach spożywczych pochodzących z handlu detalicznego oraz badania prowadzone przez zespół z Politechniki Gdańskiej [27,39].…”

Section: Występowanie 3-mcpd W Produktach Spożywczychunclassified

“…Nowe dane dotyczące zawartości estrów 3-MPCD w żywności zawierają prace grupy autorów stowarzyszonych w Międzynaro-dowym Instytucie Nauk o Życiu [12] oraz MacMahona i wsp. [47]. Chung i wsp.…”

Section: Występowanie 3-mcpd W Produktach Spożywczychunclassified

“…Przedstawili także wyniki oznaczeń diestrów nasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych (C12 -C18) oraz kwasów C18:1, C18:2 i C18:3 z 3-MCPD w różnych matrycach [48]. Podsumowaniem tej serii jest publikacja [47], w której autorzy przytaczają wyniki bezpośrednich oznaczeń sumarycznej zawartości estrów 3-MCPD, z podziałem na zawartość estrów poszczególnych kwasów tłuszczowych w 116 próbkach różnych olejów jadalnych oraz szorteningów pochodzą-cych z handlu detalicznego USA. Praca ta zawiera również wyniki oznaczeń estrów glicydolu w ww.…”

Section: Oznaczanie 3-mcpd I Jego Estrówunclassified

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Chloropropanols, Chloropropandiols and Their Esters in Food – Formation, Occurrence, Determination, Reduction of Content

Kowalska

Kozłowska

et al. 2015

zntj

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Section: Występowanie 3-mcpd W Produktach Spożywczychunclassified

Section: Oznaczanie 3-mcpd I Jego Estrówunclassified

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Chloropropanols, Chloropropandiols and Their Esters in Food – Formation, Occurrence, Determination, Reduction of Content

Kowalska

Kozłowska

et al. 2015

zntj

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“…A number of studies on the dietary exposure to 3-MCPD-Es and Gly-Es, along with their analytical methods, have been conducted 3,4 but their toxicological consequences are not fully understood. Direct and indirect methods for the analysis of 3-MCPDEs, 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol fatty acid esters 2-MCPD-Es , and Gly-Es in edible oils have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of an Indirect Enzymatic Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Oils

et al. 2015

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We developed a novel, indirect enzymatic method for the analysis of fatty acid esters of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD), and glycidol (Gly) in edible oils and fats. Using this method, the ester analytes were rapidly cleavaged by Candida rugosa lipase at room temperature for 0.5 h. As a result of the simultaneous hydrolysis and bromination steps, 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, and glycidyl esters were converted to free 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and 3-monobromo-1,2-propanediol (3-MBPD), respectively. After the addition of internal standards, the mixtures were washed with hexane, derivatized with phenylboronic acid, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The analytical method was evaluated in preliminary and feasibility studies performed by 13 laboratories. The preliminary study from 4 laboratories showed the reproducibility (RSD R ) of < 10% and recoveries in the range of 102-111% for the spiked 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD in extra virgin olive (EVO) oil, semi-solid palm oil, and solid palm oil. However, the RSD R and recoveries of Gly in the palm oil samples were not satisfactory. The Gly content of refrigerated palm oil samples decreased whereas the samples at room temperature were stable for three months, and this may be due to the depletion of Gly during cold storage. The feasibility studies performed by all 13 laboratories were conducted based on modifications of the shaking conditions for ester cleavage, the conditions of Gly bromination, and the removal of gel formed by residual lipase. Satisfactory RSD R were obtained for EVO oil samples spiked with standard esters (4.4% for 3-MCPD, 11.2% for 2-MCPD, and 6.6% for Gly).

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“…In recent years, the concentrations of 3-MCPD-Es and Gly-Es in edible oils and foods have been surveyed in Japan 10 and other countries 11 . The results of these surveys require continual updating using more precise validated methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative Study of an Indirect Enzymatic Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Oils

et al. 2016

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A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate an indirect enzymatic method for the analysis of fatty acid esters of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD), and glycidol (Gly) in edible oils and fats. The method is characterized by the use of Candida rugosa lipase, which hydrolyzes the esters at room temperature in 30 min. Hydrolysis and bromination steps convert esters of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and glycidol to free 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and 3-monobromo-1,2-propanediol, respectively, which are then derivatized with phenylboronic acid, and analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. In a collaborative study involving 13 laboratories, liquid palm, solid palm, rapeseed, and rice bran oils spiked with 0.5-4.4 mg/kg of esters of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and Gly were analyzed in duplicate. The repeatability (RSD r ) were < 5% for five liquid oil samples and 8% for a solid oil sample. The reproducibility (RSD R ) ranged from 5% to 18% for all oil samples. These RSD R values were considered satisfactory because the Horwitz ratios were ≤ 1.3% for all three analytes in all oil samples. This method is applicable to the quantification of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and Gly esters in edible oils.

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Occurrence of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in edible oils in the United States

Cited by 125 publications

References 30 publications

Chloropropanols, Chloropropandiols and Their Esters in Food – Formation, Occurrence, Determination, Reduction of Content

Chloropropanols, Chloropropandiols and Their Esters in Food – Formation, Occurrence, Determination, Reduction of Content

Optimization of an Indirect Enzymatic Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Oils

Collaborative Study of an Indirect Enzymatic Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Oils

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