Occurrence of aflatoxin M₁in Korean dairy products determined by ELISA and HPLC

Abstract

The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in pasteurized milk and dairy products was investigated by using direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recoveries of AFM1 from the samples spiked at levels between 5 and 500 pg/ml were 88.0-106.5% for pasteurized milk and 84.0-94.0% for yoghurt by ELISA. By HPLC, the recoveries were 103-120% for pasteurized milk and 87.0-93.0% for yoghurt. The limits of detection were found to be 2 pg/ml by ELISA and 10 pg/ml by HPLC. Among a total of 180 samples collected in Seoul, Korea, the incidence of AFM1 in pasteurized milk, infant formula, powdered milk and yoghurt was 76, 85, 75, and 83%, respectively, with a mean concentration of 18, 46, 200, and 29 pg/g, respectively, when determined by ELISA. These results obtained by ELISA were closely related to those by HPLC for AFM1 (r2 = 0.9783).

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Traditional Yoghurts Produced in Guilan Province, Iran

“…According to 11 in Kuwait determined that, in 1 of the 5 yoghurt samples, the presence of AFM1 (0.03μg/ kg). Auhtors in 12 tested AFM1 in yoghurt in South Korea (Seaul) and it was found to be AFM1 detected 84-94% (ELISA) and 87-93% (HPLC) respectively. Some study showed that AFM1 concentrations were affected by the seasonal effect.…”

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

“…Each of the five kits was singularly evaluated and compared with the other, emphasising strong limitations in some of them. Immunoassay techniques which regard AFM1 determination in milk have been also reported in literature (Pestka et al, 1981;Tihrumala-Devi et al, 2002;Magiulo et al, 2005), while few papers report results aimed at demonstrating that immunoassays are reliably applicable for measuring AFM1 in dairy products: examples are represented by the work of Kim et al who demonstrated the applicability of the developed ELISA in yogurt samples (Kim et al, 2000) and of a previously published work of our group where the modification of a commercial ELISA intended for milk analysis for measuring AFM1 in cheese was described (Anfossi et al, 2008). On the other hand, commercial ELISA kits have been widely used to study the fate of AFM1 during cheese-making or the occurrence of the toxin in various cheeses by several authors.…”

“…These findings have also been confirmed by recent survey studies (Table 2) regarding the incidence of AFM1 contamination in cheese, which demonstrate the presence of AFM1 at various levels with a relevant incidence of positive samples (> 50 ng/kg), and in some case of highly contaminated samples (> 250 ng/kg). Occurrence of AFM1 in dairy products other than cheese has also been assessed (Kim et al, 2000;Maqbool et al, 2009;Lin et al, 2004;Martins & Martins, 2004) and demonstrates the potential risk for consumer health due to the widespread contamination of milk-derived products. Despite this evidence, an adequate regulation about admissible limits of AFM1 in dairy products is still lacking in most countries.…”

Study on the method performances for screening and confirmatory analysis of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk according to the mycotoxin regulative requirements

“…The calculations for the detection capability (CCβ) were performed by the formula provided in the EU Commission Decision [21]. Specificity of the assay towards AFM 1 and potential cross-reactants was previously described elsewhere [20,26].…”