Occurrence of aflatoxin M₁in raw and market milk commercialized in Greece

Abstract

From December 1999 to May 2000, 114 samples of pasteurized, ultrahigh temperature-treated (UHT) and concentrated milk were collected in supermarkets, whereas 52 raw milk samples from cow, sheep and goat were obtained from different milk producers all over Greece. Sample collection was repeated from December 2000 to May 2001 and concerned 54 samples of pasteurized milk, 23 samples of bulk-tank raw milk and 55 raw milk samples from cow, sheep and goat. The total number of samples analysed for aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) contamination by immunoaffinity column extraction and liquid chromatography was 297. In the first sampling, the incidence rates of AFM(1) contamination in pasteurized, UHT, concentrated and cow, sheep and goat raw milk were 85.4, 82.3, 93.3, 73.3, 66.7 and 40%, respectively, with only one cow raw milk and two concentrated milk samples exceeding the EU limit of 50 ng l(-1). In the second sampling, the incidence rates of AFM(1) contamination in pasteurized, bulk-tank and cow, sheep and goat raw milk were 79.6, 78.3, 64.3, 73.3 and 66.7%, respectively, with only one cow and one sheep raw milk samples exceeding the limit of 50 ng l(-1). The results suggest that the current regulatory status in Greece is effective.

Aflatoxin M1 in milk by immunoaffinity column cleanup with TLC/HPLC determination

“…In comparison with recent data reporting the incidence of AFM 1 reported by others investigators (3,4,5,9,10,11,15,17,19,25) the results of this study are comparable with those presented in other countries, showing high incidence at low levels. According to Galvano et al (4), in recent years the incidence of AFM 1 has been balanced on the one hand by the higher efficiency of analytical methods, and on the other hand by the setting of a stricter regulatory limit for aflatoxins in feed and milk.…”

Aflatoxin M1 contamination in dairy products marketed in Iran during winter and summer

“…In previous studies conducted in different cities of Iran, a high incidence of AFM 1 in pasteurized milk samples at high levels (mean > 0.050 lg/l) was found. For example, in Babol When comparing our result with some European countries, it is higher than those found in Italy (Capei & Neri, 2002), Greece (Roussi, Govaris, Varagouli, & Botsoglu, 2002) and Portugal (Martins & Martins, 2000). This may be because of good agricultural handling and storage practices carried out in European countries to control the risk of toxicogenic fungi contamination all along the feed supply chain; and also setting stringent regulatory limits for aflatoxins in feed and milk.…”

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in tank bulk goat milk and ripened goat cheese

“…In none of the samples did concentration levels exceed the maximum EU limits (50 ng/l). The prevalence of positive samples was less than that in previous studies of milk from goat (Roussi, Govaris, Varagouli, & Botsoglou, 2002), sheep (Kaniou-Grigoriadou et al, 2005;Roussi et al, 2002) and cows (De Santis, Mazzette, Virdis, Caria, & Nieddu, 2000;Roussi et al, 2002;Virdis, Mazzette, Ielo, Coppa, & De Santis, 2001). Table 2 shows the During each year of sampling only slight diVerences in the seasonal incidence of positive samples were observed (Table 3).…”

“…Extensive breeding is common in the Mediterranean area (Boyazoglu, 2002), linked to the use of the natural resources of the land, and the goats are mainly graze and browse on pasture. This reduces their exposure to AFs (Roussi et al, 2002). This evidence supports the healthy image of the products of goats reared on extensive farms in marginal areas of the Mediterranean basin (Debeuf, Morand-Fehr, & Rubino, 2004).…”