Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw, pasteurized and UHT milk commercialized in Esfahan and Shahr-e Kord, Iran

Abstract

Between September 2006 and September 2007, 236 samples of raw (n=140), pasteurized (n=48) and UHT (n=48) milk were collected from supermarkets and from bulk milk tanks of eight dairy plants in the cities of Esfahan and Shahr-e Kord, Iran. All samples were analyzed for aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) contamination by ELISA and 213 (90.3%) were positive with mean concentrations 65 ng.l −1 . These concentrations are lower than the standards of Codex Alimentarius and FDA (500 ng.l −1 ), but 119 samples (55.9%) had higher concentrations than the maximum tolerance accepted by some European countries (50 ng.l −1 ). Mean concentrations of AFM 1 in raw, pasteurized and UHT milk were 68, 56, and 65 ng.l −1 , respectively. Mean concentrations of AFM 1 in autumn and winter samples were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of spring and summer but differences between AFM 1 concentrations of spring and summer samples were not significantly different.Concentrations of AFM 1 in milk from Shahr-e Kord were significantly lower (P≤0.05) than those from Esfahan.

Effect of seasonal variations and lactation times on aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of different species from Punjab, Pakistan

“…No comparative data on AFM 1 excreted during morning or evening lactation was found in the literature. However the concentrations of AFM 1 in milk samples were comparable with previous results from Pakistan and other countries as shown in Table 4 (Fallah, 2010;Rahimi, Shakerian, Jafariyan, Ebrahimi, & Riahi, 2009;Ruangwises & Ruangwises, 2010). However, lower levels of AFM 1 contamination have been reported in some studies (Biland zi c, Varenina, & Solomun, 2010;Bognanno et al, 2006;Boudra et al, 2007;Diaz & Espitia, 2006;Motawee et al, 2009;Nakajima et al, 2004;Pei, Zhang, Eremin, & Lee, 2009).…”

Analysis of aflatoxin M1 and M2 in commercial dairy products using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector

“…Ultra heat-treated (UHT) milk has been shown to have lower AFM 1 contamination levels than pasteurized milk (Rahimi & Behzadnia, 2012;Zheng et al, 2012). In yogurt, cheese, ice cream, and sherbet, processing and storage have been shown to affect AFM 1 levels in products (Iha et al, 2012;Wiseman & Marth, 1983).…”

Aflatoxin M1 in UHT cow milk samples collected in Burdur, Turkey

“…Var and Kabak (2008) analysed 20 samples of milk and found AFM1 in 100 % of the samples ranged from 10 to 80 ng/L and 3 of milk samples were found to contain AFM1 higher than the tolerance of Turkish legal limits. Gundinc and Filazi (2009) Some researchers from different countries also reported AFM1 contamination in their studies (Martins and Martins, 2000;Roussi et al, 2002;Shundo and Sabino, 2006;Shundo et al, 2009;Rahimi et al, 2009;Fallah, 2010;Heshmati and Milani, 2010;Movassagh, 2011;Rahimi et al, 2011;Oliveira et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2015;Bilandžić et al, 2016).…”