Occurrence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes (aac(6′)-I and ant(2′′)-I) in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Southwest Nigeria.

Abstract

Background: Enzymatic modification of aminoglycosides is the primary mechanism of resistance by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Obejectives: We investigated the occurrence and mechanism of aminoglycosides resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitals in SouthWest Nigeria. Methods: A total of 54 consecutive, non-duplicate clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were studied for the presence of aminoglycosides -modifying enzymes (AMEs) by PCR amplification and sequencing of genes encoding AMEs. Results and conclusion: Two types of AME genes [aac (6′) -I and ant (2′′) -I] were found in 12 isolates out of 54. Seven strains harboured one or more types of enzymes of which aac (6′) -I was the most frequently found gene (10/54 isolates, 18.5%). None of the isolates investigated in this study were positive for aph, aac (3) and aac (6′′) -II genes. Prevalence of P. aeruginosa producing AME genes in this study may suggest aminoglycosides use in Nigeria. This study highlights need for functional antimicrobial surveillance system in Nigeria.

A Clinical Debate concerning Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes among Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains

“…Some AME genes include aph(3')-VI, ant(2'')-I, aac(6')-II, aac(6')-I, and aac(3)-II (3,4). Various studies claim that aac(6')-I gene causes resistance to Amikacin and Torbramycin, while aac(6')-II and ant(2'')-I interfere with Tobramycin and Gentamycin anti-pseudomonas role (1,3,4,8).…”

“…Nosocomial infection is a trending worldwide concern, which interrupts hospitalized patients' recovering process while posing higher mortality risk (1,2). Microbiological studies done in both developed and developing countries claim that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent nosocomial strain (1,3,4). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacillus which infects mostly ICU patients, burn victims, VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia), and chronic pulmonary disease patients such as those with cystic fibrosis (1,5).…”

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacillus which infects mostly ICU patients, burn victims, VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia), and chronic pulmonary disease patients such as those with cystic fibrosis (1,5). Actually, it is a hospital-acquired infection, which mostly presents itself as a urinary tract infection, endocarditis, bacteremia, and sepsis (2,4).…”

“…Genetic coded modifying enzymes like acetyltransferase (AAC), nucleotidyltransferase (ANT) and phosphotransferase (APH) are the most found methods that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are equipped with against aminoglycosides (4,6). By reviewing previous studies, it is understood that various Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR patterns exist based on their unique geographical location.…”

A rapid and accurate method for the detection of four aminoglycoside modifying enzyme drug resistance gene in clinical strains of Escherichia coli by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction

“…Among the AME resistance genes, Aac(6′)-Ib, Aac(3)-II, Ant(3″)-Ia, and Aph(3′)-Ia are the most widely distributed (Costello et al, 2019;Haldorsen et al, 2014;Nasiri et al, 2018;Odumosu, Adeniyi & Chandra, 2015;Ojdana et al, 2018;Vaziri et al, 2011;Xiao & Hu, 2012). Given that the M-PCR can detect multiple genes simultaneously, we aimed to develop a M-PCR system for the detection of the four most widely spread AME genes.…”