Occurrence of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> in Some Households Engaged in Livestock Farming in Some Parts of Zaria, Nigeria

Abstract

The study was designed to determine the presence of Vibrio cholerae from the environment in close proximity with livestock in Zaria, Kaduna state. Three hundred and thirty six environmental samples comprising soil, water, manure and vegetables were collected from some selected households in Zaria covering Zaria city, Sabo and Samaru from April to October 2006 and analyzed for the presence of Vibrio cholerae, one of the etiologic agent of gastroenteritis. Twelve Vibrios exhibiting characteristics of Vibrio cholerae were identified using biochemical techniques. Serological identification confirmed 5 (41.7%) of these isolates as Vibrio, 1 (20%) as Vibrio serogroup O1, Ogawa biotype. A 0.59% prevalence was obtained for this pathogen in the study. The 0.59% isolation rate though low is significant considering it's source being animal, since livestock keeping is a common feature in the study location, with animals living in close proximity to man. This work is therefore imperative. Animals are a point source of contamination of enteric pathogens, therefore extensive management system and proper treatment of animal manure is recommended before its use as fertilizer.

Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

“…Some of the anthropogenic activities that contribute to the occurrence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment include indiscriminate dumping of refuses into water bodies, discharge of poorly treated wastewater from the treatment plant into receiving watershed, run-off from farms especially farmland treated with manure, and defecating and urinating into water bodies by humans and grazing animals (Nevondo and Cloete, 2001;USEPA, 2001;Rees et al, 2010;Abakpa et al, 2013). Contamination due to the aforementioned factors is evident around some of the freshwater resources in the ECP.…”

Genetic relatedness of resistant toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from wastewater Irrigated vegetables from two major produce regions.

“…Our prevalence is lower than that of previous work Calabar, Nigeria where, 30.6% prevalence was obtained (Ustalo et al, 1992) and that of (Stine et al, 2008) who reported a 20% prevalence from environmental samples in rural Bangladesh. It is however, higher than the 0.59% isolation rate reported from Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria (Abakpa et al, 2011). Given the low infectious doses of this enteric organism (Kaper et al, 2004), its presence in the study though low, represents potential risk.…”